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| An Analysis of the Literary Images of Orphans in Dickens Literature ABSTRACTS Charles Dickens could be taken as one of the most prominent representatives of English critical realists and also a remarkable humanist. It is universally acknowledged that Dicken’s works containa great deal of observation and writing from children’s view. In order to understand how the literary images of orphans in Dickens literature serve his works, his humanitarian thoughts, his acrimony towards the dark capitalist society and his verybest hope to the humanity based on typical theory in realism will be mentioned in this thesis. Typical theory constitutes a core content of realistic theory.Generally speaking, what typical theory wants to solve is therelationship between special and general literary characters. This essay employs this typical theory as analyzing framework to implement a study of the literary images of orphans in Dickens literature,and demonstrate the text analysis with the plot happens between the main characters and his surroundings. In this thesis, three novels of Dickens Oliver Twist,David Copperfield and Great Expectations from his three literary ideology phases will be chosen because allthese works have orphans as main characters and suitably represent Dickens attitudes toward children’s life and the whole social background behind these orphans. Meanwhile, all the orphans in Dickens’ literary work has a certain link to his abject childhood, which is also a reflection of the abnormal society reality at the Victorian age. This thesis begins with the illustration of the research background and significance of the research, and then introduces the research plan concerning the research method and layout of the thesis. Chapter two will give a detailed textual analysis with typical theory to analyze threeorphans and also main characters in Oliver Twist,David Copperfield and Great Expectations to find the traits and merits that Dickens wishes to express through these orphans. Chapter three will follow Chapter two and dig on the practical relevance in these literary images of orphans. How these literary images of orphans links with Dickens childhood and provoke his humanitarian thought will be discussed,as well as the dark social reality that exploits the lowest people of British society. Based on the research conducted,this thesis concludes Dickens’ profound critique and reflection of the darkness and ugliness of human thoughts at that time, as a writer, he successfully established a bridge between politics and literature with the criticism and realism in his works, which changes the world eventually. However, every coin has its both sides.There are also some limitations about Dickens’ humanitarian thought which can never be ignored to have a panoramic view on Dickens’ humanitarian thought. Through the analysis of the literary images of orphans in Dickens literature, it can help readers to understand Dickens ideology,humanitarian thought and contribution the Victorian age better. Key Words: Dickens; orphans; humanitarian thought; typical theory; realism 摘要 查尔斯·狄更斯可以说是英国批判现实主义最杰出的代表之一，也是一位卓越的人文主义者。众所周知，狄更斯的作品包含了大量儿童视角的观察和写作。为了理解狄更斯文学中的孤儿形象是如何为他的作品服务的，他的人道主义思想，他对黑暗的资本主义社会的辛辣和他对人性的最大希望是基于现实主义的典型理论都将是本文的研究对象。典型理论构成了现实主义理论的核心内容。一般来说，典型理论要解决的是特殊和一般文学人物的关系。本文运用这一典型理论作为分析框架，对狄更斯文学中的孤儿形象进行了研究，并通过主要人物与周围环境之间发生的情节来论证文本分析。本文选择狄更斯三个文学思想阶段的三部小说《雾都孤儿》、《大卫·科波菲尔》和《远大前程》，因为这些作品都以孤儿为主要人物，恰当地代表了狄更斯对儿童生活的态度以及这些孤儿背后的整个社会背景。同时，狄更斯文学作品中的所有孤儿都与他悲惨的童年有着一定的联系，这也是维多利亚时代畸形社会现实的反映。本文首先阐述了研究的背景和意义，然后介绍了论文的研究方法和研究思路。第二章运用典型理论对三个孤儿以及《雾都孤儿》、《大卫·科波菲尔》和《远大前程》中的主要人物进行详细的文本分析，找出狄更斯希望通过这些孤儿表达的特质和优点。第三章将在第二章的基础上挖掘孤儿形象的现实意义。这些孤儿的文学形象如何与狄更斯的童年联系起来并激发他的人道主义思想将被讨论，以及剥削英国社会最底层人民的黑暗社会现实。基于以上研究，本文总结了狄更斯对当时人类思想的黑暗与丑陋的深刻批判和反思，作为一名作家，他成功地用作品中的批判和现实主义在政治和文学之间架起了一座桥梁，最终改变了世界。然而，每个硬币都有两面。狄更斯的人道主义思想也存在着一些不容忽视的局限性，要想对狄更斯的人道主义思想有一个全面的了解，就不能忽视这些局限性。 通过对狄更斯文学中孤儿形象的分析，可以帮助读者更好地理解狄更斯的思想、人道主义思想以及对维多利亚时代的贡献。 关键词：狄更斯；孤儿；人道主义精神；典型理论；现实主义 |
