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| The Influence of Mammonism upon Women's View of Love in the Great Gatsby 浅谈拜金主义对女性爱情观的影响 ——《以了不起的盖茨比》为例 摘 要 作为爵士时代的见证者和记录人，菲兹杰拉德是这个时代美国文学史上最重要的代表人之一。他出版于1925年的《了不起的盖茨比》一书，堪称爵士时代的编年史，像一面镜子般影射了整个爵士时代。小说生动形象的刻画了当时社会上的拜金风气，诠释了人永远无法满足的欲望。小说内容以二十世纪二十年代的纽约和长岛为背景，讲述了在那个连空气中都弥漫着放纵气息的时代，挥金如土的神秘富翁盖茨比的故事。纵使世间纷纷扰扰，盖茨比内心至始至终都有一个女神-黛西，他愿意为她倾尽所有，殊不知她已不是当初那位懵懵懂懂的纯情女孩。 二十世纪二十年代的美国是一个充满着热情和欲望的地方。第一次世界大战经济到大萧条之前的这十年，美国虽然起初花费了不少力气于战后经济的转型，但不久后经济迅速发展，由工业社会向消费社会迅速转变，进入了美国历史上的“咆哮的二十年代”。这一经济的爆发性增长对当时美国社会的方方面面均产生了不小的影响：科技方面，这一时期出现了许多具有深远影响的发明创造；经济方面，美国前所未有的工业化浪潮拉开了帷幕；艺术方面，爵士乐的诞生……与此同时，拜金主义、消费主义、享乐主义的思想逐渐走入人心，大大刺激了民众的消费需求和消费欲望。在这一时期，“美国梦”也是不可忽视的一部分。大部分人心中的美国梦都与金钱有着直接或间接的关系，每个人都希望变成有钱人，享受财富的快乐。与此同时，债券的发行使每个人都敢于消费，挥金如土，安于享受这个物质世界。菲兹杰拉德在书中形容这是一个“商业文化、享乐主义的、纵欲无度的时代”。 在这一时代背景下，一种新型女性形象出现了。她们抛弃传统、放弃理想、盲目追求财富、只愿尽情享乐，宁愿当美丽的傻瓜。金钱似乎是她们新的信仰，奉行金钱至上的原则，甘愿成为金钱世界的附属品。菲兹杰拉德在《了不起的盖茨比》书中描绘了这一类女性，黛西和默特尔便属于其中。她们一生追求财富与社会地位，盲目崇拜金钱，从而成为了金钱社会的牺牲品。黛西和默特尔的爱情观也受到了拜金主义一定程度的影响，她们放弃追寻内心所爱，在选择爱人时，以财富和社会地位为唯一标准。他们两人的家庭情况、社会背景截然不同，却同以悲剧收尾。 本文试图对小说中的黛西和默特尔进行详细的分析，从时代背景、家庭情况、社会文化和个人内心活动的方面入手，去了解拜金主义是如何对女性爱情观产生影响，以及产生何种影响。 关键词：拜金主义；爵士时代；女性；爱情观 ABSTRACT As a witness and recorder of the “Jazz Age”,Fitzgerald was one of the most important representatives of American literature. Published in 1925, the Great Gatsby was regarded as a chronicle of the “Jazz Age”, it reflected that time like a mirror. The novel depicted mammonism and people`s desire vividly.Setting in New York and the Long Island of 1920s,the novel tells a story of the secret rich man Gatsby in a special time that indulgence fill the air. Despite the world in confusing, there was always a lady in his mind-Daisy.Gatsby was willing to give up everything for a smile from Daisy,but hardly realize that Daisy was not the same innocent lady that he met. American was a place filled with passions and desires in 1920s.Ten years after the First World War,it took America some efforts to transform its economy, but soon its economy started to boom. The transform from industry society to consumer society pushed America into the “Roaring Twenties”. This boom of economic growth affected America society in many aspects.In terms of technology, there were many profound inventions; in terms of economy,the tide of industrialization was undergoing; in terms of art, jazz music came into public view… Meanwhile, the idea of mammonism, consumerism,and hedonism were gradually accepted by the public, and spurred people`s needs and desires of consumption. At the same time, “American Dream” was also an indispensable part of that era.Most people related their “American Dream” with money directly or indirectly, they wanted to become rich and enjoy the happiness of wealth. The issuance of bonds incited people`s desire and not afraid of spending money lavishly.Fitzgerald wrote in his book, it was an ear which was “commercial, hedonist and indulgent.” Under such a background, there came a new type of women.They went against traditions, abandoned real dreams,run after money eagerly, it was much easier for them to be a beautiful little fool. Money seemed to be their new God, they worship money and would love to an accessory of money.In the Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald depicted such women, Daisy and Myrtle were two of them.They spent all their lives chasing money and social status, only end up being victims of it.Daisy and Myrtle`s view of love was affected by mammonism to some extent,they chose money over their true feelings and considered money as the sole criterion of loved ones. Though having totally different backgrounds, they turn out to be tragedies. This thesis tries to make detailed analysis about Daisy and Myrtle in the Great Gatsby,to understand how and what did mammonism affect women`s view of love from the perspectives of historical context, family environment, social culture and their innermost thoughts. Key words: mammonism; the jazz age; woman; view of love |
