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| 行政诉讼第三人举证责任问题研究 摘 要 行政诉讼第三人举证责任对行政诉讼的整个举证体系有十分重要的作用，探究其举证责任、明确其举证责任的分配不仅有利于第三人在行政诉讼中更好的维护自身合法权益，同时也有利于法官对整体案件事实的把握。因而，规制行政诉讼第三人举证责任对于案件的审理以及各方当事人权益的维护都有积极的推动作用。《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》第33条至第44条以及《最高人民法院关于行政诉讼证据若干问题的规定》对行政诉讼过程中涉及的证据作了相关规定，但在行政诉讼第三人举证责任的规定上，法条多把关于第三人的规定依附于原告的法律条文中，没有做到具体问题具体分析，这在司法实践中会产生一系列的问题，致使各方当事人的合法权益受损，因而，对行政诉讼第三人的举证责任展开研究，分析具体情况下如何分配举证责任，如何规制第三人举证责任是十分有必要的。 本文所研究的行政诉讼第三人是依据诉讼地位和诉讼请求的不同而被划分为五种不同类型的第三人，分别是：处于原告地位的第三人、处于被告地位的第三人、支持原告诉讼请求的第三人、支持被告诉讼请求的第三人以及与原、被告诉讼请求相独立的第三人。为了更好地研究我国行政诉讼第三人的举证责任，本文引入案例对行政诉讼第三人举证现状展开分析，除了对全国行政诉讼第三人的案件情况进行统计外，还选取了在案件数量上居中的湖北省作为样本进行研究，以“文书类型：判决书”、“关键字：第三人”、“案由：行政案由”、“法院省份：湖北省”、“裁判年份：2020”为检索条件，在中国裁判文书网进行检索，检索出的裁判文书截止2020年12月20日共计325份，其中基层法院的有176篇，中级法院的有142篇，高级法院的有7篇，除去重复的法律文书，基层法院176篇文书中涉及行政诉讼第三人案例的共计168起，本文对这168起案例进行不同角度的分析，研究行政诉讼第三人举证司法实践中的现状。同时，本文从最基础的理论知识出发，介绍了法律上对行政诉讼第三人概念的界定、学理界关于行政诉讼第三人的分类以及行政诉讼第三人举证责任的概念等，在区分举证责任和证明责任概念的同时，对行政诉讼第三人的法律演进做了一个时间上的梳理。将这些学理知识与行政司法实践相结合，探讨我国行政诉讼第三人举证存在的问题以及出现这些问题的原因，并且提出一些规范行政诉讼第三人举证责任的构想，比如合理划分第三人的种类、灵活运用举证责任倒置规则、明确行政诉讼第三人举证期限，严格补充举证规则、规范法院对第三人的调取证据权等，以期能为行政诉讼第三人举证责任的规制添砖加瓦，使整个行政诉讼法的证据体系更为完备。 关键词：行政诉讼第三人；举证责任；举证期限 Abstract The third party burden of proof in administrative litigation plays avery important role in the whole system of administrative litigation. Exploring its burden of proof and clarifying its distribution of burden of proof is not onlyconducive to the third party's better protection of its own legitimate rights and interestsin administrative litigation, but also conducive to the judge's grasp of the whole case facts. Therefore, the regulation of the third party burden of proof in administrative litigation plays a positive role in promoting the trial of the case and the protection of the rights and interests of all parties. "Administrative procedure law of the People's Republic of China" article 33 to 44 and the Supreme People's Court on some issues of the administrative litigation evidence rules involved in the process of administrative litigation evidence rules, but in the regulation of the third party the burden of proof in administrative litigation,the provisions of the law: the more about the third person in the attached to the plaintiff's legal provisions, do not do,analyzing the specific issues that will produce a series of problems in judicial practice,the damaged the legitimate rights and interests of all parties, therefore, the study of the third party in administrative proceedings the burden of proof, and analysis of specific cases how to allocate the burden of proof, How to regulate the third party burden of proof is very necessary. In this paper, the author studies on the third party in administrative litigation is based onthe legal status and claims is divided into five different types of the third person,respectively is: the plaintiff is the status of the third person,the third person in the position of defendant,support the plaintiff's claims of the third person, support the defendant claims of the third person and are independent of the original, the defendant claims of a third person. In order to better study the burden of proof of the third party in administrative litigation in our country,this article introduces case analysis about the present situation of the third party in administrative litigation proof, in addition to the country of the third party in administrative litigation case statistics,centered on the number of cases is also chosen in hubei province as research samples,in order to "document type: judgment", "key words: the third person", "the cause of action: the cause of action", "the court provinces: hubei province", "the year: 2020 "for the retrieval condition, web search in China, the written judgment, retrieve the written judgment on December 20, 2020 a total of 325, including 176 grass-roots court, intermediate court has 142 articles, there are 7 article of the high court to remove duplicate legal documents, 176 grass-roots court documents involved in a total of 168 cases of the third party in administrative litigation cases, in this paper, the analysis of 168 cases with different angles, the third party in administrative litigation proof in the judicial practice. At the same time, this article embarks from the most basic theoretical knowledge,this paper introduces the legal definition of the concept of the third party in administrative litigation, the classification of academic circles about the third party in administrative litigation and the concept of the third party the burden ofproof in administrative litigation, the distinction between the concept of burden of proof and the burden of proof in the meantime, the evolution of the third party in administrative litigation law made a carding on time. Combining the theoretical knowledge and administrative judicial practice,the problem of the our country the third party in administrative litigation proof is discussed in this paper, and the reasons for these problems,and puts forward some specification the idea of the third person the burden of proof in administrative litigation, such as the types of reasonable division of the third person, the flexible use of onus probandi inversion, and the third party in administrative litigation proof deadline supplementary evidence rules strictly, standardize the court against the third person's right to obtain evidence and so on, hoping to the regulation of the third party the burden of proof in administrative litigation, administrative procedure law of the whole evidence system is more complete. Key words:Third party in administrative proceedings;Burden of proof ;Time limit for adducing evidence 目 录 中文摘要 I 英文摘要 II 目 录 V 引 言 1 （一）研究背景 1 （二）国内外研究现状 2 （三）研究意义 5 （四）拟解决的问题 6 （五）研究方法 7 （六）研究重点与难点 8 一、行政诉讼第三人举证责任概述 9 （一）行政诉讼第三人的概念与种类 9 （二）行政诉讼第三人举证责任的界定 11 （三）举证责任和证明责任的概念区分 12 （三）行政诉讼第三人举证责任的法律演进 13 二、我国行政诉讼第三人举证责任的立法现状 16 （一）行政诉讼第三人类型划分不清 16 （二）举证责任倒置规则与第三人举证责任有待调和 17 （三）举证期限和补证规则规定不明 18 （四）法官司法裁量权有滥用之嫌 19 三、我国行政诉讼第三人举证的司法现状 21 （一）行政诉讼第三人案件数量增多 21 （二）行政诉讼第三人出庭率提升 24 （三）行政诉讼第三人举证积极性、有效性低 24 （四）支持被告诉讼请求的第三人比重大 25 四、行政诉讼第三人举证责任的完善举措 28 （一）合理划分行政诉讼第三人类型 28 （二）灵活运用举证责任倒置规则 31 （三）明确行政诉讼第三人举证期限和补证规则 32 （四）规范法院的调取证据权和自由裁量权 33 结 语 35 参考文献 36 附 件 38 后 记 46 |
