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| 试论拐骗儿童罪及其司法认定
摘 要
最近几年我国拐卖妇女儿童犯罪案件在逐年增加，在这样的社会背景之下，对相关法学理论研究的更新和全面深入化就显得更加迫切与必要，同时由于相关案件的犯罪数量多、犯罪类型多样、犯罪手段更加复杂，也为司法实践提出了新的挑战。众所周知，拐卖妇女、儿童罪是违法犯罪行为，因其对公民人身权利侵犯严重、对社会公共秩序损害严重，该犯罪行为一直是理论法学界和司法实践界关注的焦点，有关它的讨论和研究也相对较多。但检索文献后可以发现，目前已有的文献还是存在一个问题，现存研究对拐卖妇女、儿童罪的分析较多，对拐骗儿童罪研究相对稀缺，关注点都集中在拐卖妇女儿童而较少关注拐骗儿童，但拐骗儿童罪是作为拐卖妇女、儿童罪的补充罪名，应当且必须值得研究与分析。
针对拐骗儿童罪的构成要素，司法认定，立案和量刑标准都在我国刑法第二百六十二条中就采用简单罪状来予以立法明确。在该立法形式的背景下，因简单罪状立法造成犯罪构成要件定型简单，不易进行司法解释，使司法实践的定性提高了难度，更容易造成定性模糊不准确，因此如何准确预判一般行为人的行为性质、如何在审理案件时更加清晰准确，均成为了难点。
对于以上讨论的研究必要性和研究重难点，本文系运用规范研究方法进行专题研究，对拐骗儿童罪的司法认定相关争议问题进行讨论。本篇论文一共分为六个部分。首先，第一部分：绪论，阐明本文的选题依据：研究目的、研究意义、研究的主要内容及写作提纲、研究方法；文献综述，在对前人的研究进行回顾的基础上，总结归纳己有研究的思路方法、研究结论及存在的不足或可研究空间等，为全文的研究奠定一个文献基础。其次，第二部分：提出研究问题，对中国裁判文书网的典型拐骗儿童罪案件进行案例分析，提炼观点，即案件的争议点，再对相关案例进行对比整合，提出研究问题。第三部分：对拐骗儿童罪犯罪客体的认定，在对犯罪客体的多种观点对比下提出自己对于犯罪客体认定的理解。第四部分：犯罪动机、主观明知的认定，讨论拐骗儿童罪的构成要件要素，如犯罪动机是否构成，以及主观明知内容。第五部分：针对犯罪手段的认定予以论述。对拐骗儿童罪的犯罪方式界定予以分析研究。最后，第六部分：研究结论及展望，对本研究的理论与实践研究结果加以提炼，归纳出本研究的主要发现，提出方案，指出研究存在的不足与末来研究的方向。
本文综合运用判例分析法和文献检索法对拐骗儿童罪的构成要件要素进行分析，例如犯罪客体、犯罪动机和犯罪手段的认定，研讨拐骗儿童罪及其司法认定，在现行刑法背景下，运用刑法理论知识发现问题、提出问题、解决问题，在理论上对拐骗儿童罪相关研究进行一定丰富，在实务上对拐骗儿童罪司法实践提供一定指导。
本篇论文的创新点在于研究方向和研究问题方面。
关键词：拐骗儿童罪；司法认定；犯罪客体；犯罪动机
Abstract
In recent years, the crime of trafficking in women and children has been increasing year by year.Under such a social background,it is more urgent and necessary to update and comprehensively in-depth research on relevant legal theories. At the same time, due to the large number of crimes and types of crimes in related cases Diversified and more complicated criminal methods also pose new challenges for judicial practice. As we all know, the crime of abducting and trafficking in women and children is an illegal crime.Because of its serious violation of citizens’ personal rights and serious damage to the social public order,this crime has always been the focus of the theoretical and legal circles and judicial practice circles. Discussions and research on it Also relatively more.However, after searching the literature,it can be found that there is still a problem in the existing literature. Existing studies have more analysis on the crime of abducting women and children, and the research on the crime of kidnapping children is relatively scarce. The focus is on the abduction of women and children and less attention is paid.Child abduction, but the crime of child abduction is a supplementarycharge for the crime of abducting and trafficking in women and children, and it should and must be worthy of research and analysis.
Regarding the constituent elements of the crime of kidnapping and defrauding children, the judicial determination,case filing and sentencing standards are all legislated with simple charges in Article 262 of the Criminal Law of our country. In the context of this legislative form,the basic elements of crimes are simpleto establish due to simple crime legislation, and it is not easy to carry out judicial interpretations, which makes the determination of judicial practice more difficult, and it is more likely to cause ambiguity and inaccuracy. Therefore, how to accurately predict the behavior of ordinary actors The nature of the behavior and how to be clearer and more accurate in hearing cases have become difficult points.
Regarding the research necessity and major difficulties discussed above,this article uses the normative research method to conduct special research and discusses the controversial issues related to the judicial determination of the crime of kidnapping and defrauding children. This paper is divided into six parts in total.First of all, the first part: Introduction,to clarify the basis for the topic selection of this article: research purpose,research significance, main content of the research and writing outline, research methods; literature review, based on the review of previous studies, summarizing what we have The research methods, research conclusions and existing shortcomings or research space, etc., lay a literature foundation for the full text research.Secondly, the second part: proposes research questions,analyzes typical cases of child kidnapping on China Judgment Documents Network, and refines viewpoints, that is, the disputed points of the case, and then compares and integrates related cases, and puts forward research questions. The third part: the identification of the criminal object of the crime of kidnapping children, and put forward my own understanding of the identification of the criminal object based on the comparison of various viewpoints on the criminal object. The fourth part: the determination of criminal motives and subjective knowledge, discusses the elements of the crime of kidnapping children,such as whether the criminal motive is constituted, and the subjective knowledge of content. Part V: Discuss the identification of criminal means.Analyze and study the definition of the crime of kidnapping children.Finally, the sixth part: research conclusions and prospects.It refines the theoretical and practical research results of this research,summarizes the main findings of this research, proposes plans,and points out the deficiencies of the research and the future research direction.
This article comprehensively uses case analysis and literature retrieval methods to analyze the elements of the crime of kidnapping children,such as the identification of criminal objects,criminal motives and criminal methods, discussing the crime of kidnapping children and its judicial determination, and using the criminal law in the context of the current criminal law. Theoretical knowledge discovers, raises, and solves problems.In theory, it provides a wealth of research on the crime of child abduction,and provides some guidance for the judicial practice of the crime of child abduction in practice.
The innovation of this paper lies in the research direction and research questions.
Key words:Crime of kidnapping and defrauding children;judicial determination; criminal object; criminal motive
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