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| 论我国监察留置的完善 摘 要 近年来我国确立监察留置措施以取代党内“双规”措施。监察留置措施目的是监察机关为了进一步调查取证办案的需要，《监察法》增设的一种新类型的限制人身自由的强制措施。其权力性质既不是行政强制措施，也不属于刑诉法中规范的强制措施，更不属于党纪监督措施，而是由《监察法》单独规定并独立适用的强制措施。最新的《刑事诉讼法》规定了检察机关与监察机关衔接，但仍存在问题。本文通过对留置措施适用中的问题提出，并加以剖析其成因，以及提出相关回应措施对留置措施的适用情况加以明确。 第一部分，对监察留置的相关概念的阐述，具体包括其基本概念与其演变历程的分析，从“两规”时期的党纪监督到现在的监察留置措施的适用，逐渐走向了法治化。目前，学术界对此有多种态度，而我国《监察法》并未对其作出明确、具体的规定。对监察留置的适用的规范加以分析，主要包括适用的基本原则，程序以及应当具有的价值与功能。其中主要是遵照《监察法》对留置适用的程序，严格其审批流程，主要采取监察委领导人集体决定的方式进行。留置所体现的功能即逐步稳健了改革成果，整合反腐败资源，推动“两规”措施的法治化。 第二部分，主要围绕留置措施的适用中所产生的问题进行阐述。主要是其“单一性”适用引发的弊端，执行规范尚有完善空间，适用条件不够明确，以及未建立完善的保障机制。由此引发的一系列问题，无论是立法上还是实践上都能做出相应的回应。 第三部分，主要是针对留置措施的产生的问题，从理论上和实践上两个角度加以分析出凸显出问题的原因。笔者认为主要有立法上尚有完善的空间，留置措施本身的性质以及其强制性的特征最终造成这种状况。再之，通过列举具体实践上发生的案例，以目前实施的状况，分析出其产生问题的缘由。 第四部分，主要阐述的是回应留置措施的应当配备的相关完善措施。其主要包括加强对留置措施实施的内部和外部的监督机制，留置期间允许律师介入，严格限定适用条件，并完善留置的执行规范，创设多种“留置”形式，与建设完备人身强制体系，以此加强对被留置人的人身权利的保护。 关键词：监察留置措施；监察强制体系；律师介入；保障人权 Abstract In recent years, China has established the supervision lien measures to replace the "dual regulation" measures within the party. The purpose of the supervision lien measure is a compulsory measure to restrict the personal freedom of the investigated personnel in order to further investigate, collect evidence and handle the case. The new "lien" measure added in the "Supervision Law" is neither an administrative compulsory measure, nor a criminal compulsory measure, nor a disciplinary standard measure within the Party, but a compulsory measure separately stipulated and independently applied by the "Supervision Law". The latest Criminal Procedure Law stipulates the connection between procuratorial organs and supervisory organs, but there are still some problems. This paper puts forward the problems in the application of lien measures, analyzes the causes, and puts forward relevant response measures to clarify the application of lien measures. In the first part, the relevant concepts of supervision and lien are elaborated, including the analysis of its basic concepts and its evolution process. From the party discipline supervision in the "two rules" period to the application of supervision and lien measures at present, it gradually moves towards the rule of law. At present, the academic community still has a dispute on the legal nature of lien, there are many theories and viewpoints, but China's "Supervision Law" has not made clear, specific provisions on it. To analyze the applicable norms of the supervision of the lien, mainly including the applicable basic principles, procedures, and should have the value and function. It mainly follows the procedure applicable to the lien in the Supervision Law, strictly follows the examination and approval process, and mainly adopts the way of collective decision by the leaders of the supervision Committee. The function of lien is to gradually stabilize the achievements of reform, integrate anti-corruption resources and promote the legalization of "two rules" measures. The second part mainly focuses on the problems arising from the application of lien measures. It is mainly due to the disadvantages caused by the application of "oneness", the space for improvement of the implementation specification, the unclear application conditions, and the lack of a perfect guarantee mechanism. A series of problems arising from this can be responded to in both legislation and practice. In the third part, the causes of the problems are analyzed from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The author thinks that there is still room for improvement in legislation, and the nature of lien measures and their mandatory characteristics eventually lead to this situation. Then, by enumerating the specific practice of the case, to the current implementation of the situation, analysis of the causes of its problems. The fourth part mainly expounds the relevant improvement measures that should be equipped in response to the lien measures. It mainly includes strengthening the internal and external supervision mechanism of the implementation of lien measures, allowing lawyers to intervene during the period of lien, strictly restricting the applicable conditions, improving the implementation norms of lien, creating various forms of "lien" and building a complete system of personal compulsion, so as to strengthen the protection of the personal rights of the person subject to lien. Key words: supervision lien measures；Supervision and enforcement system； The lawyer intervenes；Protecting human rights 目 录 引 言1 一、我国监察留置的概述2 （一）监察留置的法律性质3 （二）监察留置的运行现状及其成效6 二、监察留置的规范性分析6 （一）监察留置的适用原则7 （二）监察留置的适用程序8 三、我国监察留置存在的问题11 （一）监察留置易造成权力的滥用11 （二）监察留置的适用条件较为宽泛11 （三）监察留置的执行规范不够充足、明晰12 （四）监察留置缺乏相关的制度保障13 四、完善我国监察留置的建议16 （一）构建监察人身强制性措施的体系16 （二）监察留置适用条件的完善18 1.赋予国家监察委员会以法律解释权18 2.严格规范留置的适用条件、对象19 （三）改善监察留置的执行规范19 1.设立统一的留置场所20 2.完善留置的批准程序21 （四）构建监察留置的制度保障22 1.建立内部的监督机制22 2.完善外部的制约体系22 3.允许律师介入23 4.完善被留置人的申诉救济和国家赔偿制度24 结 语25 参考文献26 |
