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民事诉讼限制自认制度研究

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民事诉讼限制自认制度研究

摘 要


在民事诉讼中,限制自认是自认制度中的一种非正常形态,在2019年《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》未出台之前,我国对于限制自认并没有明文规定,并且对于其研究的人数也相对较少,但是域外一些国家对限制自认的研究比较深入,也有一些国家对其有明确的规定。《新证据规定》的出台,为限制自认制度的发展提供了理论依据。在司法实践中,限制自认制度是一直存在的,尤其是在合同纠纷中,并且在实务中,完全自认是一种理想的状态,当事人出于利己意识,可能只会对有利于自己的部分自认或者附加一定的抗辩条件,所以对于限制自认的研究就显得比较重要。

本文除引言和结语部分外,分为四个方面进行叙述:

第一章是限制自认制度的理论概述。首先对限制自认的含义进行论述,即“一方当事人对于另一方当事人主张的于己不利的事实有所限制或者附加条件予以承认的,由人民法院综合案件情况决定是否构成自认。”然后对于限制自认的理论依据从处分原则、辩论原则和诚实信用原则三方面展开,接着将限制自认与相关概念进行了对比,最后将限制自认的特征进行了说明。

第二章是限制自认制度的情形效力。根据最高法院司法解释的规定,将限制自认分为部分自认与附条件自认。本章从这两个方面进行论述,简要介绍其相关概念,并结合相关的案例进行分析,这也是本文的创新点所在。

第三章是限制自认制度的域外考察。通过对大陆法系主要国家与英美法系主要国家对于限制自认制度规定的研究,从中得出对于我国限制自认制度发展的借鉴意见。

第四章是限制自认制度在我国的适用与完善。本章分为三个部分,第一部分是限制自认制度在我国的现状,从立法实践与司法实践出发;第二部分主要指出限制自认早我国存在的问题;最后一部分是针对前一部分的问题提出了相关的完善方法。

关键字:限制自认,部分自认,附条件自认

Abstract

In civil litigation, limiting self admission is an abnormal form of self admission system.Before the promulgation of several provisions of the Supreme People's Court on evidence in civil litigation in 2019,there are no explicit provisions on limiting self admission in China, and the number of people who study it is relatively small. However, some foreign countries have more in-depth research on limiting selfadmission, and some countries have more research on it There are clear rules. The promulgation of the new evidence regulation provides a theoretical basis for the development of self admission restriction system. In judicial practice, the system of limited admission always exists,especially in contract disputes, and in practice, full admission is an ideal state. Out of self-interest, the parties may only admit part of themselves or attach certain defense conditions, so the study of limited admission is more important.

In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts:

The first chapter is the theoretical overview of the limited admission system.First of all, it discusses the meaning of limiting self admission, that is,"if one party has restrictions or additional conditions to recognize the fact unfavorable to itself claimed by the other party,the people's court shall decide whether to constitute self admission according to the comprehensive situation of the case." Then, the theoretical basis of restricted admission is discussed from three aspects:the principle of punishment, the principle of debate and the principle of good faith. Then, the restricted admission is compared with related concepts.Finally, the characteristics of restricted admission are explained.

The second chapter is to limit the situation effect of admission system.According to the judicial interpretation of the Supreme Court,limited admission is divided into partial admission and conditional admission. This chapter discusses from these two aspects, briefly introduces its related concepts,and analyzes with relevant cases, which is also the innovation of this paper.

The third chapter is the extraterritorial investigation of the system of limited admission.Through the study of the main countries of the civil law system and the common law system,we can draw some suggestions for the development of the limited admission system in China.

The fourth chapter is the application and improvement of the limited admission system in China.This chapter is divided into three parts,the first part is the current situation of limiting self admission system in our country, starting from the legislative practice and judicial practice; the second part mainly points out the problems of restricting self admission in our country; the last part puts forward the relevant improvement methods for the problems of the former part.

Key words: Administration with Limitation; Partial admission;Conditional admission



目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

引言 1

第一章 限制自认制度的理论概述 2

一、限制自认的含义 2

二、限制自认的理论依据 2

(一)处分原则 2

(二) 约束性辩论原则 3

(三) 诉讼经济原则 3

三、限制自认与相关概念的比较 4

(一)限制自认与完全自认 4

(二)限制自认与间接否认 4

(三)限制自认与附条件承认 5

(四)限制自认与抗辩假定 5

四、限制自认的特征 6

(一)限制自认须发生在诉讼过程中 6

(二) 限制自认须由适格的当事人作出 6

(三) 限制自认是对不利于己的事实的承认 6

(四) 限制自认是附加一定的限制条件 7

第二章 限制自认制度的情形及效力 8

一、部分自认 8

(一)部分自认的含义 8

(二) 部分自认存在的争议焦点 8

(三) 案例分析 9

二、附条件自认 10

(一)附条件自认的含义 10

(二)附条件自认的分类 11

第三章 限制自认制度的域外考察 16

一、大陆法系国家对限制自认制度的规定 16

(一)德国对限制自认制度的规定 16

(二) 法国对限制自制度的规定 16

二、英美法系国家对限制自认制度的规定 17

(一)英国对限制自认制度的规定 17

(二)美国对限制自认制度的规定 17

三、 两大法系限制自认制度规定的差异 18

四、 两大法系限制自认制度对我国的借鉴意义 18

第四章 限制自认制度在我国的适用与完善 20

一、限制自认制度在我国的现状 20

(一)立法规定 20

(二) 司法实践现状 20

二、限制自认制度存在的问题 21

(一)对限制自认制度的撤回没有明确规定 21

(二)法官自由裁量权缺乏限制 22

(三)可能存在缺乏诚实信用的法律环境 22

三、限制自认制度的完善 23

(一)建立限制自认撤回制度的规定 23

(二)法官自由裁量权的限制 24

(三)对限制自认制度司法环境的改善 25

参考文献 28

致 谢 30