摘 要

新课程改革注重通过转变教师和学生的思维方式，使得学生更加积极主动地掌握有关化学的知识，培养他们的创新精神和理论实践能力，而这种创新开始于问题。但是各级各类学校的学生质疑精神不强，主动发现问题意识不强，不敢提问、不愿意提问、提不出有价值的问题等问题意识缺失的现象仍然没有大改观。本文基于对初中化学课堂教学工作过程中学生问题意识培养的教学现状进行深入调查，立足于运用建构主义学习指导理论、人本主义学习指导理论、皮亚杰认知系统发展学习理论、强化学习理论、信息加工模式学习理论、情景认知理论，采用文献法、调查法、案例分析法对初中化学教学中学生问题意识的现状及其培养教学策略进行了研究。

关键词：问题意识；初中化学；培养策略

Abstract

The new curriculum reform pays attention to the students' absorption of basic chemical knowledge and the improvement of students' innovative and practical ability by changing the way of thinking of teachers and students. And this innovation starts with problems.But all levels of all kinds of schools of students questioning spirit is not strong, the initiative to find the problem consciousness is not strong,dare not ask, can not raise valuable questions,do not want to ask questions and other problems of the lack of awareness of the phenomenon is still not greatly improved. Before using questionnaire interview method and case analysis method to carry out theresearch on the cultivation strategy of chemical problem awareness of junior high school students, this paper adopts literature analysis method to deeply study constructivismtheory, information processing learning theory, reinforcement theory,situational cognition theory, Piaget cognitive development theory and humanistic learning theory.

The first chapter is the introduction, mainly covering the question,research significance, research status at home and abroad, research characteristics and methods and ideas. The concept of problem, chemical problem consciousness and problem consciousness are defined.The second chapter mainly discusses constructivism theory,information processing learning theory,reinforcement theory, situational cognition theory, Piaget's cognitive development theory, humanistic learning theory and other related theoretical bases. Using literature analysis method, case analysis method,questionnaire method and interview method to investigate the current situation of chemistry problem consciousness of junior high school students and find that the mainproblems of chemistry problem consciousness of junior high school students are: students' questioning spirit is not strong; Students' awareness of finding problems is not strong; Students dare not ask questions, students can not raise valuable questions, students are not willing to ask questions. The causes of the problem are analyzed as follows: students lack of learning motivation,students' inferiority complex, students' inertia and herd mentality, and students' weak knowledge base. From the aspect of teachers, it is concluded that teachers' guiding methods,teachers' evaluation methods, classroom atmosphere and role cognition are also the causes. This part is the main content of the third chapter.According to the above theory and the actual investigation put forward to train students' critical thinking; Create a suitable problem situation;To create an internal psychological environment for students to dare to ask questions;To develop students' metacognitive ability; To deal with the relationship between cooperation and competition is the cultivation strategy, and the application of the strategy to teaching practice to form classroom teaching cases. This part is the main content of the fourth chapter.

Keywords: problem awareness; junior high school chemistry; training strategies