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| 指导性案例中的法律解释方法研究
摘要
近年来，指导性案例的出现加快了我国司法改革的步伐。指导性案例的目标就是为了实现“同案同判”与“统一法律适用”，这两个目标能否实现和指导性案例的形成阶段有很大的关系。指导性案例与司法解释性质一样，都相当于一种法律解释方式，指导性案例是通过解释来理解法律规范的差异，统一法律规范的适用规则。通过研究现有的指导性案例发现，多个指导性案例适用了不同的法律解释方法，因为每种法律解释方法都有其局限性，为了使指导性案例更好地发挥作用，在生成阶段必须运用不同的法律解释方法。不同类型的指导性案例分别采用了不同的法律解释方法，所以呈现出不同的特征。
为了推动案例指导制度在司法实践中的发展，提高指导性案例的适用率，需要研究指导性案例在解释法律规范过程中运用的法律解释方法，指导性案例中最常用的法律解释方法有三种，分别是：文义解释、体系解释与目的解释。本文第三、四、五章在对指导性案例中的法律解释方法进行概述的基础上，分别进行具体研究。第三章主要讲文义解释方法。首先总结了指导性案例中适用文义解释的现状，并对文义解释适用中出现的问题予以分析，问题主要表现为文义解释单一性，提出在运用文义解释时应该结合其他方法进行解释的建议，并主要以第23号指导性案例为例子，进行具体分析。第四章主要讲体系解释方法。首先对体系解释在指导性案例中的运用现状进行总结，由此发现体系解释存在非独立性、封闭性等问题，提出把非正式渊源也纳入法律渊源的范围内的解决措施。第五章则主要着眼于目的解释方法。总结目的解释的适用现状，目的解释在指导性案例中适用较多，并且常与文义解释、体系解释结合适用，但目的解释方法适用中也存在一些问题，比如，目的解释的中的目的是谁的目的？哪一种目的？如何去解释？也需要采用一系列方案应对。第六章则针对完善指导性案例中的法律解释方法提出了三点具体建议，一是加强指导性案例与司法解释的互动，二是提升法官的职业素养，三是统一适用规则，实现同质化。
关键词：指导性案例；法律解释方法；文义解释；体系解释；目的解释
Abstract
In recent years, the appearance of guiding cases speeds up the pace of judicial reform in our country. The goal of guiding cases is to achieve "the same trial" and "the unification of law application".Whether the two goals can be achieved is closely related to the formation stage of guiding cases.Guiding cases, like judicial interpretation, are all equivalent to a legal interpretation.Guiding cases understand the differences of legal norms through interpretation, and unify the rules of legal norms. Through studying the existing guiding cases,it is found that many guiding cases apply different methods of legal interpretation, because each method has its own limitations. In order to make the guiding cases play a better role,different methods of legal interpretation must be used in the generating stage. Different types of guiding cases adopt different methods oflegal interpretation, so they show different characteristics.
In order to promote the development of case guidance system in judicialpractice and improve the application rate of guiding cases,it is necessary to study the methods of legal interpretation used in guiding cases. There are three methods of legal interpretation in guiding cases: literal interpretation, system interpretation and objective interpretation. In chapter three, four and five,on the basis of summarizing the methods of legal interpretation in guiding cases, carry on specific research respectively. The third chapter mainly talk about the methods of literal interpretation.First of all, this paper summarizes the current situation of applying literal interpretation in guiding cases, and analyzes the problems in applying literal interpretation,which is mainly manifested in single interpretation,and puts forward some suggestions that other methods should be used to interpret literal interpretation, and mainly takes the guiding case No. 23 as an example to make a concrete analysis.The fourth chapter mainly about the methods of system interpretation.First of all, the author summarizes the application of system interpretation in guiding cases,finds that there are some problems in system interpretation,such as non-independence and closeness, and puts forward some solutions to bring informal sources into the scope of legal sources. The fifth chapter mainly talk about the methods of teleology interpretation.This paper sums up the present situation of the application of teleological interpretation.Teleological interpretation is often used in guiding cases,and is often combined with literal interpretation and systematic interpretation. But there are some problems in the application of teleological interpretation, such as whose aim is the aim of teleological interpretation? What kind of purpose?How to explain?A series of solutions are also needed.The sixth chapter puts forward three specific suggestions for improving the method of legal interpretation in the guiding case. The first is to strengthen the interaction between the guiding case and the judicial interpretation. The second is to enhance the professional quality of judges.The third is to unify the application of rules and achieve homogenization.
Keywords: guiding case; legal interpretation method;semantic interpretation; system interpretation; purpose interpretation
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