摘 要

当今社会，美剧越来越频繁地出现在我国观众的视线中，在人民的文娱生活中起到了重要的作用。影视艺术自身具备丰富的文化内涵，体现着赫然的民族特色，而字幕中的文化负载词往往是翻译时的关键点和难点。尤金奈达的功能对等理论无疑为我们提供了具体的视角；在这理论的基础上，运用翻译策略和技巧，不仅局限在研究微观的文本翻译问题，更放眼于文化输出与交流的深度。文化负载词是蕴藏着某种文化信息和色彩的词汇，是概念意义和联想意义的结合体。

本文首先以《神盾局特工》的翻译实践为例, 同时本文将影视字幕翻译的方法作为参考，对文化负载词的翻译策略进行了研究和讨论，以此来寻找出合适的翻译方法。奈达把文化负载词分为五类，分别是生态文化负载词，如地理名称；物质文化负载词，如工具设备；社会文化负载词，如人称称谓；宗教文化负载词，如宗教人物；语言文化负载词，如成语数字。据此，本文对《神盾局特工》字幕中的文化负载词进行研究，探讨《神盾局特工》的译者在翻译过程中所采取的翻译方法。笔者认为，美剧字幕翻译的主要目是帮助中国观众更好的地了解电视里发生的一切，使观众与电视剧之间具有更清晰的沟通，因此在翻译文化负载词保留美剧特色的同时，要满足中国观众的理解要求和感受，根据目标语读者对美国文化的理解程度对译文做出适当的调整。同时译文还要考虑到字幕的篇幅限制和转瞬即逝的特点。因此笔者认为增译、减译、加注法三种翻译方法适于《神盾局特工》之类的富含文化负载词的美剧的翻译。语言转换只是思想传播的基础，文化传递才是重中之重。

关键词：功能对等理论；文化负载词；《神盾局特工》；字幕翻译

Abstract

In today’s society, American TV appear more and more frequently in the eyesof our audience, and play an important role in people’s entertainment life. Film and TV art itself has rich cultural connotation, which embodies the national characteristic.The culture loaded words in subtitles are often the key and trouble points in translation.Undoubtedly, Eugene Nida’s theory of functional equivalence provides us with an appropriate perspective. On the basis of this theory,the application of translation strategies and techniques is not only limited to the study of micro text translation, but also focuses on the depth of cultural output and communication. Culture loaded words are words containing certain cultural information and color,which are the combination of conceptual meaning and associative meaning.

This thesis first takes the translation practice of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.as an example, and combines the characteristics of film and TV subtitletranslation to discuss the translation methods of culture-loaded words,and discover suitable interpretation strategies for culture-loaded words. Nida divided culture-loaded words into five categories,It is called ecologically culture-loaded words,such as geographic names;materially culture-loaded words, such as tools and equipment; socially culture-loaded words, such as personal titles; religious and culture-loaded words, such as religious figures; language and culture-load words, such as idioms and numbers. Based on this, this thesis studies the culture-loaded words in the subtitles of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D, and explores the translation methods adopted by the translators of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.during the translation process.The author believes that the main purpose of American TV subtitle translation must bemake the Chinese audience understand better everything that happens on the American TV, so that there is a smoother communication between the audience and the American TV. Therefore, while translating culture-loaded words to retain the characteristics of American TV,It must meet the understanding requirements and feelings of the Chinese audience,and make appropriate adjustments to the translation according to the target reader’s understanding of American culture. At the same time, the translation should also take into accountthe space limitation and fleeting characteristics of subtitles. Therefore, the author believes that the three translation methods of Amplification, Omission, and Annotation are suitable for the translationof American TV that is rich in culture-loaded words such as Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.Language conversion is only the basis for the spread of ideas, and cultural transmission is the top priority.

Key Words: Functional Equivalence Theory;Culture-loaded words; Agents of SHIELD; Subtitle Translation

Contents

摘 要 h i

Abstract ii

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Background to the Study 2

1.2 Purpose of the Study and Research Questions 2

1.3 Approach to the Study 3

1.4 Organization of the Thesis 4

2 Literature Review 4

2.1 Study on Functional Equivalence Theory 4

2.1.1 Introduction to Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory 6

2.1.2 The Principles of Functional Equivalence Theory 9

2.2 Studies on the Translation of American TV Subtitles 11

2.2.1 Study on the Culture- Loaded Words 13

2.2.2 Principles of Translating Culture- Loaded words 14

3 Reflection of Functional Equivalence in Culture- Loaded words translation of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D 15

3.1 Linguistic Dimension 16

3.2 Cultural Dimension 17

3.3 Communicative Dimension 19

4 Translation methods of Culture- Loaded words from Functional Equivalence Theory 22

4.1 Amplification 23

4.2 Omission 24

4.3 Annotation 27

5 Conclusion 29

References 31

Appendix 34

Acknowledgements 41