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| 论狄更斯《雾都孤儿》的批判现实主义【英文】 Contents Abstract in Chinese I Abstract II Introduction 1 A.Brief Introduction to The Novel and The Author 3 B Literature View 4 C Realistic Significance of Critical Realism Literature 5 Chapter One Critical Realism 6 A Definition of Critical Realism 6 B Historical Position of Critical Realism 7 C Significance of Critical Realism Literature 8 Chapter Two Oliver's Realistic World in Oliver Twist ...9 A Oliver and Nancy 9 B Oliver and Fegin 10 Chapter Three Target of Critical Realism in Oliver Twist A Criticism of Human Moral 12 B Criticism of Capitalistic System 14 Conclusion 15 Notes and Bibliography 16 摘 要 19世纪30年代末的伦敦，作为资本主义世界的中心，却到处充斥着邪恶，压迫，饥饿和残暴。在这种状态下，穷人的生活惨不忍睹，无法生存。相对而言，那些中产阶级的人们生活会越来越丰富，他们对个人利益的追求使整个社会更加残忍，对手无寸铁的穷人的压榨更加赤裸裸。狄更斯作为19世纪英国现实主义的杰出代表，被后世奉为“召唤人们回到欢笑和仁爱中来的明灯”。《雾都孤儿》是他的第一部伟大的社会主义小说，讲述了资本主义时期生活在黑暗暴力伦敦的孤儿奥利弗特威斯如何忍受邪恶、悲苦而奋力存活，又如何坚持善良战胜一切艰难险阻的故事。赞美了人们与生而来的正义与善良，也揭露了资本主义社会的丑陋和虚伪。19世纪的批判现实主义文学是资本主义阶级史上最璀璨的一篇，同时也是世界文艺宝库中的不可或缺的一部分。 本文首先将详细介绍批判现实主义的定义，历史发展等，讨论了作者的经历对文章创作过程的影响，然后深入文章，从主要人物性格分析入手，通过深入人物内心，了解到作者的情感变化，揣摩作者想要表达的东西。最后升华文章主题，由小引大，引出作者对社会的批判以及对人性的赞美。本文最后也指出了一些不足之处，虽然目的论应用于字幕翻译有很多好处，但是目的论并不适用于所有的文本翻译。 关键词：《雾都孤儿》 批判现实主义文学 正义 贪婪 ABSTRACT In the late 1930s, as the center of Capitalist world,London was full of evil, oppression, hunger and atrocity. In this condition, the poor are miserable, but relatively speaking,the lives of the middle class were enriched,and their pursuit of personal benefit made society crueler and the exploitation of the defenceless poor more naked. As the outstanding representative of British realism in 19th century,Dickens was regarded as “the light to call people back to laughter and love.” Oliver Twist was the first great socialist novel of Dickens, which narrated how Oliver Twist,an orphan living in the dark and violent London during the capitalist period,struggled to survive through evil and suffering, and how the perseveres in kindness to overcome all difficulties and dangers. The novel not only praised people who born with the justice and kindness, but also exposed the ugliness and hypocrisy of the capital society. Critical Realism Literature in 19th century is the most bright period in the history of the capitalist class. At the same time,it is also an indispensable part in treasure house of world literature and art. At first, this thesis introduces the definition and historical development of critical realism in detailed. Then it talks about the influence of the author’s experiences on the writing process of the novel.Next, it goes deep into the novel,starting from the character analysis of the main characters, through deep into the hearts of the characters, understand the author’s emotional changes, figure out what the author wants to express. Last, the thesis sublimates the theme of the article,and leads out the author’s criticism of society and praise of human nature. Key Words: Oliver Twist；Critical Realism；Literature；Justice；Greed |
