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| 乡村振兴背景下农村环境精准治理的现状、困境 摘 要 乡村振兴作为国策提出之后，全国上下高度重视，农村环境治理作为其中的重要环节，各级地方政府都出台相应的政策，但是不同地域农村的具体情况不同。有的农村工业经济发达，主要环境污染由工业垃圾和生活垃圾共同造成；有的农村工业经济较为薄弱，主要环境污染单纯为生活垃圾污染；有的农村旅游资源丰富，但是却没有得到高质量的有效开发，仍然以破坏环境为代价发展经济。农村居民对美好环境的需求与农村环境普遍脏乱差形成的矛盾亟需处理。 针对这一问题，本文通过作者4年来在F镇担任公务员、驻村干部工作的经历，4个月在D镇担任分管副职的工作经历，对村民群众的接触和了解，对乡镇干部及上级政府工作的了解，对农村环境治理流程的研究作为写作依据。 一是通过访谈问卷，以F镇政府工作人员、村干部、环卫工人、村民为调查对象，收集F镇乡村环境治理中遇到的困难及意见建议。将村民分为老中青三类，再根据学历进行细分，了解群众对乡村环境治理的参与情况及意见建议。在D镇担任分管副职时，由于身份的转变，访谈问卷更为便利，获得了更多、更细致的一手资料。 二是通过研究分析国内外对乡村环境治理的文献，重点对环境治理的模式研究、环境治理的政府作用、环境治理机制和法制、环境治理产生的问题、原因和对策进行深入研究，借鉴国内外成功经验，重点对欧洲等发达国家治理模式由政府单一治理向多元化治理转变、创新新型的环境整治理念、创新的环境治理技术等方式进行研究。再通过浙江省、温州市、C县农村环境治理的政策文件以及F镇乡村环境治理的工作台账的分析研读，更好地研究探索乡村环境治理。 深入研究了农村环境治理不能顺利推进的共性问题，涉及到政府政策治理层面、考核方式、企业参与积极性、群众的环保意识、群众满意度等方面，进而分析农村环境治理存在的困难并提出解决建议，为F镇农村环境治理指明发展之路，同时能够为全国农村环境治理的共性问题提供参考。 关键词：乡村振兴；政府；环境治理 Abstract After Rural Revitalization was put forward as a nationalpolicy, the whole country attaches great importance to it. Rural environmental governance is an important part of it.Local governments at all levels have issued corresponding policies,but the specific situation of rural areas in different regions is different. Some rural industrial economy is developed,and the main environmental pollution is caused by industrial waste and domestic waste;some rural industrial economy is relatively weak, and the main environmental pollution is simply domestic waste pollution; some rural tourism resources are rich, but they have not been effectively developed with high quality, and they still develop economy at the cost of destroying the environment. It is urgent to deal with the contradiction between the rural residents' demand for a better environment and the general dirty and poor rural environment. In order to solve this problem,this paper based on the author's four years of working experience as a civil servant and village cadre in F Town, four months of working experience as a deputy in charge in D Town, the contact and understanding of the villagers, the understanding of township cadres and the work of the superior government, and the research on the rural environmental governance process. The first is to collect the difficulties and suggestions in the rural environmentalgovernance of F town through the interview questionnaire,taking the government staff, village cadres, sanitation workers and villagers of F town as the survey objects. The villagers are divided into three categories: the old,the middle-aged and the young,and then subdivided according to their educational background to understand the participation and suggestions of the masses in rural environmental governance. As a deputy in charge of D Town, due to the change of identity,the interview questionnaire was more convenient and more detailed first-hand information was obtained. Second, through the research and analysis of domestic and foreign literature on rural environmental governance,focusing on the model of environmental governance, the government role of environmental governance,environmental governance mechanism and legal system, the problems,causes and Countermeasures of environmental governance,learning from the successful experience at home and abroad, focusing on the transformation of governance model from single government to diversified governance in Europe and other developed countries And innovative new environmental governance concepts and innovative environmental governance technologies. Then through the analysis of the policy documents of rural environmental governance inZhejiang Province, Wenzhou City,C County and the working account of rural environmental governance in F Town, we can better study and explore rural environmental governance. This paper deeply studies the common problems that rural environmental governance can not be smoothly promoted,involving government policy governance level, assessment methods, enterprise participation enthusiasm,people's awareness of environmental protection, people's satisfaction and other aspects,and then analyzes the difficulties existing in rural environmental governance,and puts forward some suggestions to solve them, so as to point out the development road for rural environmental governance in F Town, and at the same time to provide reference for the national rural environmental governance This paper provides a reference for the common problems of. Key Words：Rural Revitalization ；government ; environmental governance; 目 录 I摘 要 IIAbstract IV目 录 11 引 言 11.1 选题背景与意义 11.1.1 选题背景 11.1.2 研究意义 1理论意义 2实践意义 31.2 研究内容和方法 31.2.1 研究内容 41.2.2 研究方法 41.3 主要创新与不足 52 理论回顾与文献综述 52.1 相关概念与理论概述 5 2.1.1 乡村振兴战略 5 2.1.2 F镇垃圾治理体系 62.1.3 “千村示范、万村整治”工程 62.2文献综述 62.2.1 国内研究综述 82.2.2 国外研究综述 102.2.3 评述 103 乡村振兴背景下浙江温州实施乡村环境精准治理的必要性 103.1 加强乡村环境治理是乡村振兴的应有之义 113.2 生产生活垃圾的激增将乡村垃圾精准治理提上日程 133.3 广大农村居民对美好卫生环境的追求日益提升 154 浙江温州市F镇乡村环境基本现状 154.1 温州市F镇概况 154.2 温州市F镇农村环境现状 164.3 近年来温州F镇环境治理的主要举措及成效 175 当前浙江温州F镇乡村环境精准治理存在的主要困境及原因 175.1 当前温州F镇乡村环境精准治理的存在的主要困境 17 5.1.1 群众分类投放不标准，参与意识不高 19 5.1.2 政府垃圾分类处理不彻底、不规范 19 5.1.3 存在应付检查的形式主义 20 5.1.4 企业违法污染环境现象仍然存在 205.2 造成困境的主要原因 20 5.2.1 现有政绩考核制度约束 26 5.2.2 地方政府财政资金约束 26 5.2.3 设备运维、人工、运输成本高 27 5.2.4 决策层与地方政府缺乏沟通机制 29 5.2.5 服务供给主体单一 306 国内外环境治理的主要经验及启示 306.1 国外环境治理成功经验及启示 30 6.1.1 德国环境治理成功经验及启示 31 6.1.2 日本环境治理成功经验及启示 326.2 国内环境治理成功经验及启示 326.2.1 浙江省环境治理成功经验及启示 337推动温州乡村环境精准治理的对策建议 337.1 完善环境治理机制，实现乡村环境精准治理 347.2 加大地方财政对乡村环境治理投入 357.3 引导公众、企业积极参与环境治理，形成多方共治模式 357.4 加大对违法违规企业及随意丢弃垃圾的惩处力度 378 结论 378.1 总结与不足 38参考文献 |
