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| 社会工作介入怒江州易地扶贫搬迁项目实践研究 摘要 贫困问题一直是国际社会关注的一个焦点问题，自从改革开放以来，中国为了解决贫困问题，制定了许多关于贫困问题的政策，并加以实施。易地扶贫搬迁政策是我国扶贫工作所颁布的政策之一，有些地方的贫困是由于地理环境偏远、生态环境恶劣、地质环境差、难以进行基本的维持生计的生产活动等原因所造成的。这些地方多处于我国的中西部地区，往往难以跟上我国经济发展的步伐，由于地理位置偏远，交通不便所造成经济发展落后的现象。易地扶贫搬迁政策根据这些地区的具体条件，对这些地方的居民进行有计划的易地搬迁，使原来的农村生活聚落转换为城市集中安置地，将居民集中安置到另一片区域中，并对他们的经济生产方式、生活方式、社区融入等进行帮扶和指导，使他们达到从经济上脱贫，生活更加便利，融入城市市区生活，以及心理状态的良好适应的目标。在异地搬迁扶贫政策的实施过程中，社会工作机构或是通过政府购买服务的方式，或是通过公开投标的方式，介入到异地搬迁扶贫的过程中来，通过对居民的生计问题的解决、就业帮扶、心里咨询、政策推广、资源链接等方式，帮助易地搬迁居民更好的融入社区，适应新的生活的目标。 怒江州位于云南滇西横断山脉纵谷地带，自然环境恶劣，贫困发生率高，可利用的自然资源少，由于历史、自然、社会等多种原因，怒江州从解放建州到现在，一直以来都是我国贫困面最大、贫困程度最深、致贫因素最复杂的地区。2013年实施精准扶贫以来，怒江州是全国“三区三州”之一的深度贫困地区，是全国的贫中之贫、困中之困、坚中之坚、难中之难。本文以怒江州易地扶贫搬迁项目为背景，根据S社会工作机构从个案、小组、社区方面的介入，解决怒江州易地扶贫搬迁项目中居民经济发展问题、社会融入问题、心理融入问题等问题，从而改善怒江州居民经济条件，促进经济发展。并对社会工作介入易地扶贫搬迁项目中的困境和解决对策进行分析。 关键词：怒江州、社会工作项目、易地扶贫搬迁 Abstract Poverty has always been a focus of the international community.Since the reform and opening,China has formulated and implemented many policies on poverty in order to solve the problem. The period from 2011 to 2020 is an important stage of fighting againstpoverty and building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. According to the types of poverty,The relocation policy is one of the policies issued by China's poverty alleviation work. The poverty in some places is caused by remote geographical environment,bad ecological environment, poor geological environment, and difficult to carry out basic livelihood production activities. Most of these places are located in the central and western regions of China,and it is often difficult to keep up with the pace of China's economic development. Due to the remote geographical location and inconvenient transportation, economic development lags behind. According to the specific conditions of these areas,the policy of relocation in order to support the poor and relocation carries out planned relocation of the residents in these areas,so that the original rural living settlements can be changed into urban centralized resettlement areas, and the residents can be resettled to another area, and help and guide their economic production mode, lifestyle, community integration, etc., so that they can get rid of poverty economically , life is more convenient,integrate into the urban life, as well as a good psychological state to adapt to the aim. during the process of implementing the policy of poverty alleviation throughrelocation, social work institutions either purchase services from the government or participate in the process of poverty alleviation through public bidding. Through solving the livelihood problems of residents, employment assistance,psychological consultation, policy promotion and resource linkage,social work institutions can help relocated residents better integrate into the community, The goal of adapting to a new life. Nujiang Prefecture is located in the longitudinal valley of Hengduan Mountains in western Yunnan,which have a poor natural environment, high incidence of poverty and few available natural resources. Due to historical, natural, social and other reasons,Nujiang Prefecture has always been the area with thelargest poverty area, the deepest poverty degree and the most complex poverty causing factors in China since its liberation. Since the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation in 2013,Nujiang Prefecture is one of the "three districts and three states" in the country's deep poverty-stricken areas. Based on the background of Nujiang relocation project,according to the intervention of s social work organization from case, group and community,this paper solves the problems of residents' economic development, social conformity and psychological integration in Nujiang relocation project, so as to improve the residents' economic conditions and promote economic development. Key words: Nujiang、social work project relocation |
