摘 要

骨质疏松症是由增龄衰老、雌激素分泌不足、内分泌紊乱等多种病因导致的以微量丢失、骨结构改变、生物力学性能减退、易骨折为特点的全身性骨代谢疾病，主要分为原发性和继发性两类。

骨是人体蛋白质、矿物质和脂肪等营养物质的良好来源，还可用于生产骨粉、骨胶及可食用骨脂。牦牛骨是藏医用于治疗骨质增生、骨质疏松、骨性关节病等骨疾病的常用药物，牦牛骨胶原可以促进骨形成抑制骨吸收拮抗骨质疏松。

本文通过研究牦牛骨粉及复方牦牛骨粉对维甲酸致骨质疏松大鼠的骨密度、骨矿盐含量、骨转化标志物、股骨及腰椎骨组织形态学以及成骨细胞的影响。确定了复方牦牛骨粉对骨质疏松症的最佳给药剂量和给药时间，分析了复方牦牛骨粉所含营养成分，初步探讨了复方牦牛骨粉对大鼠成骨细胞的影响。

主要结论如下：

关键词：牦牛，复方牦牛骨粉，骨质疏松症，营养成分，成骨细胞

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a systemic bone metabolism disease characterized by trace loss,changes in bone structure, decreased biomechanical properties,and easy fracture caused by various causes such as aging, insufficient estrogen secretion, and endocrine disorders. It is mainly divided into There are two types of primary and secondary.

Bone is a good source of nutrients such as human protein, minerals and fat.It can also be used to produce bone meal, bone glue and edible bone fat.Yak bone is a common medicine used by Tibetan medicine to treat various bone diseases such as bone hyperplasia, osteoporosis, osteoarthropathy,and yak bone collagen can promote bone formation, inhibit bone resorption, and antagonize osteoporosis.

This research investigates the effects of yak bone powder and compound yak bone powder on bone mineral density, bone mineral salt content, bone transformation markers,femoral and lumbar bone tissue morphology, and osteoblasts in rats with osteoporosis induced by retinoic acid. The optimal dose and time of administration of compound yak bone powder for osteoporosiswere determined, the nutrient content of compound yak bone powder was analyzed,and the effect of compound yak bone powder on rat osteoblasts was preliminarily discussed.

The main conclusions are as follows:

Abstract

Abstract

1.The rat model of osteoporosis can be successfully established by gavage of 70 mg/kg of retinoic acid for 14 days. The body mass, bone density, bone mineral salt content,serum osteocalcin content and anti-tartaric acid phosphatase activity of model rats were significantly reduced,and the serum calcium, phosphorus content and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly increased; and CT showed that the femur and lumbar , The model rats have obvious bone loss. After the administration of yak bone powder,it was found that the osteoporosis condition of 2

rats was significantly improved.The optimal dosage of yak bone powder was 37.37 mg/kg/d, and the administration time was 30 days.

2.After administration of compound yak bone powder in different proportions,Compared with the model group,the 60 % yak bone meal component can significantly increasethe body mass, bone density, bone mineral salt content, serum osteocalcin content and tartaric acid phosphatase activity of osteoporotic rats, and significantly reduce serum calcium and phosphorus content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and improve bone loss in osteoporotic rats.It is suggested that the compound yak bone powder prescription containing60 % yak bone powder has the best effect on improving osteoporosis.

3.After administration of different doses of compound yak bone powder,compared with the model group,it can significantly increasethe body mass, bone density, bone mineral salt content, serum osteocalcin content of osteoporotic rats, and significantly reduce the serum calcium and phosphorus content. Alkaline phosphatase activity,and can improve the bone loss phenomenon of osteoporotic rats, it is concluded that the optimal dose of compound yak bone powder is 37.37 mg/kg/d, and the administration time was 30 days.Compound yak bone powder and yak bone powder are administered at thesame dosage and time, and the effect of compound yak bone powder in improving osteoporosis is better than that of yak bone powder.

4.The compound yak bone meal contains 4.95 % moisture, 48.5 % ash, 3.65 % dietary fiber, energy 821 KJ/100g, fat 4.6 %, carbohydrate 13.7 %, and fatty acid 99.45 %, of which oleic acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid are the main ones; 16.3 % of amino acid, mainly glutamic acid,and containing 17 kinds of mineral elements, mainly Ca and P.

The effects of yak bone powder and compound yak bone powder on rat osteoblasts were measured in vitro, and it was found that both yak bone powder and compound yak bone powder could significantly increase rat osteoblast activity, alkaline phosphatase activity and the number of mineralized nodules. compound yak bone meal has the most significant increase in rat osteoblastsand alkaline phosphatase activity,and compound yak bone meal can significantly increase the expression of BMP-2 and Runx-2 protein in rat osteoblasts. It shows that yak bone powder and compound yak bone powder have a positive effect on rat osteoblasts.

Conclusion: Whole animal experiments show that compound yak bone powder can increase the body weight and bone density of osteoporotic rats,improve bone transformation markers and the loss offemoral and lumbar bone mass;in vitro cell experiments show that compound yak bone powder can improve rat osteogenesis Cell activity and alkaline phosphatase activity increase the expression of BMP-2 and Runx-2 proteins and promote bone formation. Moreover, the effect of compound yak bone powder in improving osteoporosis is better than that of pure yak bone powder,which indicates that compound yak bone powder can be used as a good calcium supplement.

Key word: Yak, Compound yak bone meal, Osteoporosis,Nutrients, Osteoblasts.

he number of mineralized nodules.compound yak bone meal has the most significant increase in rat osteoblastsand alkaline phosphatase activity,and compound yak bone meal can significantly increase the expression of BMP-2 and Runx-2 protein in rat osteoblasts. It shows that yak bone powder and compound yak bone powder have a positive effect on rat osteoblasts.

Conclusion: Whole animal experiments show that compound yak bone powder can increase the body weight and bone density of osteoporotic rats,improve bone transformation markers and the loss offemoral and lumbar bone mass;in vitro cell experiments show that compound yak bone powder can improve rat osteogenesis Cell activity and alkaline phosphatase activity increase the expression of BMP-2 and Runx-2 proteins and promote bone formation. Moreover, the effect of compound yak bone powder in improving osteoporosis is better than that of pure yak bone powder,which indicates that compound yak bone powder can be used as a good calcium supplement.

Key word: Yak, Compound yak bone meal, Osteoporosis,Nutrients, Osteoblasts.