摘 要：核糖体主要被认为是翻译过程的细胞器。核糖体的功能已经从蛋白质合成的转译机扩展到蛋白质质量控制的调控平台，其活性调控和循环利用也得到了显著深化。最近的进展已经证实了当细胞遇到不利条件时，一种新的机制在调节核糖体活性。当某些蛋白质因子与核糖体进行结合后发现，细胞内核糖体的结构和功能将会发生变化而形成非活性核糖体(70S单体或100S二聚体)，或核糖体休眠。通过核糖体休眠，细胞整体蛋白质合成的速度可以减慢。宿主细胞对不良条件或化学物质的抵抗力会增强。本文讨论了细胞在一定压力下核糖体休眠的现象、分子机制和生理效应。然后，我们讨论了休眠核糖体的复苏和核糖体休眠在抗菌感染治疗中的作用。

关键词：核糖体休眠；应激反应；核糖体二聚体；休眠核糖体复苏；细菌致病性

Abstract：

Ribosome is primarily regarded as the committing organelle for the translation process. Besides the expansion of its function from a translational machine for protein synthesis to a regulatory platform for protein quality control, the activity regulation and recycling of ribosome have been deepened significantly. Recent advances have confirmed a novel mechanism in the regulation of ribosome activity when a cell encounters adverse conditions. Due to the binding of certain protein factors onto a ribosome, the structural and functional change of the ribosome inside the cell will take place, thereby leading to the formation of inactive ribosomes (70S monomer or 100S dimer), or ribosome hibernation. By ribosome hibernation, the overall protein synthesis rate of a cell could be slowed down. The resistance to adverse conditions or chemicals of the host cell will be enhanced. In this paper, we discussed the phenomenon, molecular mechanism, and physiological effect of ribosome hibernation when cells are under stresses. And then, we discussed the resuscitation of a hibernating ribosome and the role of ribosome hibernation in the treatment of antimicrobial infection.

Keywords：Ribosome hibernation；Stress response； Ribosome dimer；Resuscitation of hibernating ribosome；Bacterial pathogenicity