摘 要

美国作家托尼·莫里森(1931-2019)是第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的非裔美国女性。20世纪60年代末登上文坛，其作品情感炙热，简短而富有诗意。其代表作有《最蓝的眼睛》、《宠儿》、《所罗门之歌》等。其中《最蓝的眼睛》是莫里森的处女作，堪称美国黑人文学的经典之作，小说讲述的是11岁的佩科拉渴望得到一双蓝色的眼睛，以摆脱父母的粗暴，同学的冷落。日夜祈祷等来的是更悲惨的遭遇，佩科拉在旁人的冷落中坠入疯狂。有学者从创伤理论、叙事结构、女性主义角度分析《最蓝的眼睛》，鲜少有人从人道主义角度分析小说主人公的悲剧。

人道主义最初的含义是一种能够促使个人的才能得到最大限度的发展具有人道精神的教育制度。它的基本原则有:理性价值，自由探索价值，个人尊严价值，道德平等价值，自由的理想，宗教怀疑主义的价值，伦理的本质和来源。它的精神着重体现以人为本的，以人类自身功能观念意义上的一种良知，及其在这个意识的作为支配下，形成一种以高度文明为基础，以人类和谐发展为目的的世界观。

本文旨在从家庭、学校、社区三个方面分析佩科拉遭到的非人待遇，并从反人道主义角度分析佩科拉悲剧的原因，最后得出佩科拉的悲剧源于家庭、学校、社区中缺乏人道主义中最基本的人与人之间的关爱，尊重。家人、同学、老师、邻居的种种行为让佩科拉遭受了非人的待遇，这违背了人道主义精神的自由探索、个人尊严价值、道德平等原则。最后得出人与人之间需要尊重、平等、自由，每个人都拥有自由发展的权利。

关键词：人道主义；悲剧；《最蓝的眼睛》；佩科拉

Abstract

Toni Morrison (1931-2019) was the first African-American woman to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. When he arrived on the literary scene in the late1960s, his works were passionate, short and poetic. Her representative works include The Bluest Eye, Beloved, Song of Solomon and so on.The Bluest Eye, Morrison’s debut novel and a classic of African-American literature, tells the story of 11-year-old Pecola’s desire for a pair of blue eyes to escape her parent’s roughness and classmates’ neglect. Praying day and night brought more misery, and Pecola fell into madness in the absence of others.There are scholars to analyze The Bluest Eye from the perspectives oftrauma theory, narrative structure and feminism,but few scholars analyze the tragedy of the hero from the perspective of humanism.

The original meaning of humanitarianism is a talent that can motivate the individual.To maximize the development of a Humane education system.Until the emergence of Marx made humanitarianism a maintenance labor.The doctrine of the dignity and rights of the people.Its basic principles are: reason value, freedom to explore value,personal dignity value, moral equality value, the ideal of freedom, the value of religious skepticism, ethics. Its spirit reflects a people-oriented conscience and its application in this consciousness is governed by the formation of a high level of civilization basedon the world view for the purpose of harmonious development of mankind.

This paper aims to analyze the inhuman treatment of Pecola from three aspects,including family,school and community and the causes of Pecola’s tragedy from the perspective of humanitarianism. Finally, it is concluded that respect,equality and freedom are needed between people,and everyone has the right to develop freely.

Key Words: Humanitarianism; Tragedy; The Bluest Eye;Pecola