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| 中国-老挝反腐败制度比较研究 摘 要 现如今，在国家治理过程中，预防腐败问题逐渐成为各国政府所关注的重点，清正廉洁的风气对一个政党乃至国家的发展都至关重要，而从历史的角度来看，如果政府腐败严重，就会导致民怨积累、社会动荡，甚至影响到国家的存亡，因此，治理国家，预防和整治腐败问题是必须关注的重点，本文在通过对中国预防腐败制度与推进反腐败工作的实践经验的现实情形上，与老挝本国的反腐败制度与实践的具体情况相结合，尝试提出与老挝国情相符合的反腐败方法，促进老挝反腐败工作的有效推进。文章主要介绍了比较政治制度的一般理论、比较反腐败机构的相关理论及反腐败制度比较的相关基础理论，在阐述上述理论的基础上从预防、监督、惩治、教育四个方面形成了本文反腐败制度比较的理论框架。从公职人员财产公开和政务公开两个方面对两国的公开透明的措施进行了比较，从责任类型和问责机制两个方面对责任强化制度进行了比较。从党内监督、国家监督及社会监督三个方面对两国的监督体系进行了比较，并对两国的特色监督制度进行了比较。从反腐败法律、反腐败党内法规、反腐败执法、反腐败执纪及反腐败司法制度对两国的反腐败惩治制度进行了比较。从领导体制和工作机制、具体内容及法制化程度比较等方面对两国的廉政教育进行了比较。最后，在比较的基础上，提出了改进反腐败规则体系，完善体制，转变职能、主动回应社会监督等建议和启示。 关键词：反腐败；中国；老挝；腐败惩治；腐败预防；监督；廉政教育 Abstract Corruption is an important problem faced by all countries nowadays,which is related to national development and people's stability. Both China and Laos have experienced several periods of relatively serious corruption in history, which have been effectively controlled through governance to a certain extent. Based on the reference of China's anti-corruption system and practical experience,combined with the real condition of Laos,this paper tries to put forward countermeasures in line with the national conditions of Laos, so as to promote the effective advancement of the anti-corruption work in Laos. This paper mainly introduces the general theory of comparative political system, the relative theory of comparative anticorruption institutions and the relative basic theory of comparative anticorruption system. On the basis of expatiating the above theories,the theoretical framework of the comparative anticorruption system in this paper is formed from the four aspects of prevention, supervision, punishment and education. This paper compares the public and transparent measures of the two countries from two aspects ofpublic officials' property disclosure and government affairs disclosure,and compares the responsibility strengthening system from two aspects of responsibility type and accountability mechanism. This paper compares the supervision systems of the two countries from three aspects:the supervision within the party,the supervision of the state and the supervision of the society, and compares the characteristic supervision systems of the two countries. This paper compares the anti - corruption punishment system of the two countries from anti - corruption laws, anti - corruption inner-party regulations,anti - corruption law enforcement, anti - corruption discipline enforcement and anti - corruption judicial system. This paper compares the education of clean government between the two countries from the aspects of leadership system, working mechanism, specific content and degree of legalization. Finally, on the basis of comparison,some suggestions and inspirations are put forward, such as improving the system of anti-corruption rules, perfecting the system, transforming functions and actively responding to social supervision. Key Words: anti corruption; China; Laos; integrity education；Corruption Prevention；Supervises；Integrity Education |
