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| 城市老旧社区治理中的社会工作研究
摘要
社区是社会有机体最基本的内容，国家的安定离不开社区的稳定。自我国民政部门提出要创新社会治理模式、提升治理能力以来，如何有效地进行社区治理一直都被热议，政府也逐步加大对社会工作服务项目的购买力度，积极推动社区的良性治理。作为社区治理的短板，如何激活城市老旧社区的新生动力，使其跟紧现代化社区治理的浪潮则会成为更为重要、更具研究价值的话题。社会工作是一门以利他主义为指导进行专业助人的学科、科学和职业，作为参与社会治理的重要力量具有替他部门不可替代的优势。
本文以合肥市N社区为例，将目光聚焦于社会工作参与N老旧社区治理所发生的作用和影响，并通过调查研究、访谈法、参与观察并通过对相关文献进行梳理，试图探索出一套符合我国本土特色的老旧社区治理方案。研究发现，合肥市N社区面临着多方面治理困境：社区居委会职能和权力行使行政化、社区社工待遇偏低且素质能力不足、社区居民社区意识淡薄、参与不足且参与主体失衡等。其中，社会工作作为一方治理主体，主要面临着地位欠缺、人才短缺和专业性表现不足等问题。结合相关问题，通过对合肥市N社区政府购买社会工作服务项目运行模式和具体实践的分析，笔者从三个方面提出相关建议：首先，在政府层面，要重视和发展社会工作专业、肯定其专业价值、增大宣传力度以提高专业地位并加大项目投入以及完善相关法律法规；其次，在社区层面，要积极接纳社会工作专业的介入、构建平等的交流机制、要厘清社区居委会与社会工作者的职能边界；最后，在社工层面，要制定合理的培训机制保障社会工作者开展服务的专业质量、机构完善考核制度以调动社会工作者积极性、积极开拓社会工作服务新领域以及加大对本土社会工作者人才的挖掘与培养。
关键词：城市老旧社区、社区治理、社会工作服务项目
Abstract
The community is the most basic content of the social organism.Only when the community is stable can the country be stable.Since the Ministry of Civil Affairs proposed to innovate social governance models and improvegovernance capabilities, how to effectively conduct community governance has been hotly debated. The government has gradually increased its purchase of social workservice projects and actively promoted healthy community governance. As a shortcoming of community governance,how to activate the new impetus of old urban communities to keep up with the wave of modern community governance will become a more important and research worthy topic. Social work is a discipline, science,and profession that is guided by altruism to help people professionally. As an important force participating in social governance,it has an irreplaceable advantage for other departments.
Taking the N community in Hefei as an example,this article focuses on the role and impact of social work participating in the governanceof the old N community, and through investigation and research, interviews, participation in observation, and sorting out related literature, it tries to find a way out. Set up an old community governance plan that conforms to the local characteristics of our country.The study found that the N community in Hefei is facing a multifaceted governance dilemma:the administrative functions and powers of community neighborhood committees,the low remuneration of community social workers and insufficient quality and ability, the weak sense of community among community residents, insufficient participation, and imbalance of participants. Among them, as the main body of governance,social work mainly faces problems such as lack of status, shortage of talents, and insufficient professional performance. Combining related issues and analyzing the operation mode and specific practices of the N community government purchasing social work services in Hefei,the author puts forward relevant suggestions from three aspects: First, at the government level,it is necessary to attach importance to and develop social work professions and affirm their professions Value, increase publicity to improve professional status, increase project investment,and improve related laws and regulations; secondly, at the community level, it is necessary to actively accept the involvement of social work professionals, build an equal communication mechanism, and clarify community neighborhood committees and social workers Finally, at the social worker level, it is necessary to formulate a reasonable training mechanism to ensure the professional quality of social workers’ services, improve the evaluation system of institutions to mobilize the enthusiasm of social workers, actively explore new areas of social work services, and increase exposure to local society The excavation and training of worker talents.
Keywords: old urban communities, community governance, social work service projects
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