摘 要

刺葡萄中含有丰富的花色苷，作为一种天然色素，花色苷有着多种生物活性功能，具有良好的开发应用前景，然而，花色苷自身稳定性较差，脂溶性较低，限制了在食品工业和其他领域的应用，改善花色苷的稳定性和脂溶性可拓展花色苷的应用范围。通过对花色苷进行酰基修饰可有效提高花色苷的稳定性和脂溶性。本文以刺葡萄为原料，制备出刺葡萄花色苷单体——锦葵素-3，5-O-双葡萄糖苷，首先进行酶法酰化，建立刺葡萄花色苷酶促酰化反应体系，其次，优化刺葡萄花色苷酶促酰化反应条件，最后，探究刺葡萄花色苷的光降解特性及酶促酰化反应对刺葡萄花色苷光稳定性的影响。主要研究结果如下：

关键词：刺葡萄；花色苷；酶促酰化；酰化率；光稳定

Abstract

Acanthopanax is rich in anthocyanins.As a natural pigment, anthocyanins have a variety of biologically active functions and have good development and application prospects. However, anthocyanins have poor stability and low fat solubility, which limits their use in foods.For industrial and other applications,improving the stability and fat solubility of anthocyanins can expand the application range of anthocyanins. Acyl modification of anthocyanins can effectively improve the stability and fat solubility of anthocyanins. In this paper, the thorn grape anthocyanin monomer-malvacin-3,5-O-diglucoside, was prepared from the thorn grape anthocyanin. Firstly, the enzymatic acylation was performed to establish the thorn grape anthocyanin enzymatic acylation reaction system. Secondly, the conditions of the enzymatic acylation of thorn grape anthocyanins were optimized.Finally, the photodegradation characteristics of thorn grape anthocyanins and the effect of enzymatic acylation on the photostability of thorn grape anthocyanins were explored. The main findings are as follows:

1.Establish an enzymatic acylation reaction system for anthocyanins of Acanthopanax senticosus.By comparing the acylation rate of different sources of lipase-catalyzed acylation reaction of grape anthocyanin, it was determined that lipase CAL-B is the best lipase for the enzymatic acylation reaction system of grape anthocyanin, and its catalyzed anthocyanin acylation rate It is: 36.75%, using acylation rate and substrate solubility as indicators to determine that tert-butanol is the best reaction medium for the enzymatic acylation reaction system of grape anthocyanins, and the acylation rate of grape anthocyanins in tert-butyl alcohol Reached 34.5%; taking the acylation rate and the fat solubility of the acylation product as indicators, it was determined that vinyl laurate was the best acyl donor for the enzymatic acylation reaction system of cyanidin, and vinyl laurate was the acyl donor. At this time, the reaction acylation rate was 28.13%, the oil-water partition coefficient of the acylation product was 3.19, and the fat solubility was the best.Comparative analysis of the liquid chromatograms before and after the acylation reaction showed that the monoacylation product was generated,indicating that the erythrocyanin had undergone the acylation reaction.