摘要

 

随着媒介技术的更新迭代，网络传播环境不断的变化发展，数字媒介产品深度参与到公众的生活中。从生存到发展，公众对数字媒介的需求越来越高，相应的，公众的数字媒介素养教育问题越需得到关注。而作为“数字原居民”的当代青少年，在见证国内互联网传播技术发展的同时，也在数字媒介环境中成长，其对数字媒介的使用与认知都极具时代特色与代表性。因此，本文旨在将青少年作为研究主体，通过引入家庭教育的视角去调查分析影响青少年数字媒介素养形成的相关因素。

 

首先，通过对数字媒介环境和青少年数字媒介素养水平发展的现状进行分析，结合青少年数字媒介素养家庭教育的优势，提出本文主要在家庭教育与信息传播的层面上研究青少年媒介素养的形成与影响因素。随后，从数字媒介素养与青少年数字媒介素养教育、家庭教育等维度对国内外文献进行梳理，厘清现代传播环境下数字媒介及青少年数字媒介素养教育的内涵与意义，并结合家庭教育中亲子互动类型和家庭沟通方式对青少年数字媒介素养的影响，提出本文的研究假设，并结合已有的相关研究以及自己的分析总结，从数字媒介的使用、认知、信息评估以及参与四个维度设计调查问卷，通过这四个维度的测量得到数字媒介素养水平具体数值。在家庭教育方面，通过文献梳理，引入家庭沟通方式以及亲子互动关系类型这两个因子，通过量表测量和数据分析，研究其对青少年数字媒介素养的影响。

 

本文采用实证研究方法，选择上海市徐汇区、闵行区、浦东新区三所初中学校四个年级的学生作为调查对象，通过“线下动员-线上调查”的方法，由各班班主任老师在周五放学前给学生发放调查问卷的纸质二维码，并说明调查意图，由学生带回家长与家长通过扫码的方式进行线上作答。本研究发放问卷二维码606份，共获取有效调查问卷558份，通过SPSS21.0对问卷数据进行统计分析。研究发现：（1）青少年数字媒介素养水平不仅受到家长数字媒介素养的影响，并且在数字媒介的使用、认知、信息评估和参与四个维度之间也存在显著相关的关系，其相互作用明显高于家长与青少年数字媒介素养水平间的影响；（2）数字媒介素养高的家长一般倾向于选择“多元型”的沟通方式，相应的青少年通常会具有较高的数字媒介素养；而采用“保护型”沟通方式的家庭中，父母对数字媒介的认识相对较为浅薄与不完善，青少年数字媒介素养相对较低；（3）亲子互动类型对青少年数字媒介素养水平的相关性研究发现，“活动参与”类亲子互动对青少年数字媒介素养水平呈现显著正向影响，而“制定规范”类亲子互动对青少年数字媒介素养水平的影响并不显著。

 

结合研究发现，本文对青少年家庭数字媒介素养教育提出以下建议：（1）不仅要关注家长数字媒介素养水平对青少年数字媒介素养水平的影响，同时需要发挥青少年在数字媒介素养教育中的主体作用；（2）家长在对青少年进行数字媒介素养教育过程中需要结合具体的家庭环境和青少年自身的特点选择相应的沟通方式对其数字媒介素养进行教育；（3）家长应积极参与到青少年的数字媒介活动中，在共同的数字媒介活动中，对青少年数字媒介素养进行教育。

 

最后对本研究的创新点和不足之处进行了分析，并对后续研究加以展望。

 

关键词：青少年：数字媒介素养教育；家庭教育；家庭沟通方式；亲子互动类型

 

Abstract

 

With the update and iteration of media technology,the network communication environment is constantly changing and developing, and digital media products are deeply involved in the public life. From survival to development, the public's demand for digital media is getting higher and higher.Accordingly, the public's digital media literacy education needs more attention.As "digital original residents",contemporary teenagers have grown up in the digital media environment and witnessed the development of Internet communication technology in China. Their use and cognition of digital media are extremely characteristic and representative of The Times. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate and analyze the relevant factors affecting the formation of teenagers' digital media literacy by taking teenagers asthe research subject and introducing the perspective of family education.

 

First of all, through the analysis of the digital media environment and the development status of teenagers' digital media literacy level,combined with the advantages of teenagers' digital medialiteracy family education,it is proposed that this paper mainly studies the formation and influencing factors of teenagers' media literacy from the level of family education and information dissemination. Then, from the digital media literacy and teen digital media literacy education, and family education dimension carding domestic and foreign literature,to clarify the modern digital media propagation environment and adolescent connotation and significance of digital media literacy education,and combining with the type of parent-child interaction in the family education and family communication way the influence of digital medialiteracy for adolescents, put forward in this paper, the research hypothesis,and combining the predecessors' research and their analysis summary, from the use of digital media, digital media, digital media evaluation and digital media to participate in the design was conducted in four dimensions, Through the measurement of these four dimensions, the specific value of digital media literacy level can be obtained. In terms of family education, two factors,family communication style and parent-child interaction type, were introduced through literature review. Through scale measurement and data analysis,the influence of these two factors on teenagers' digital media literacy was studied.

 

This paper adopts empirical research method, choose the Xuhui district in Shanghai,Minhang district, Pudong new area three junior high school grade four students asthe research object, by using the method of "offline mobilization - online inquiry",by the director of the classes on Friday before the school teacher to the student questionnaires paper QR code, and explains intention survey, by the students back to parents and parents through sweeping code in a way that answers online. In this study, 606 QR codes were sent out and 558 valid questionnaires were collected.Descriptive statistical analysis,correlation analysis and regression analysis were conducted on the collected data by SPSS21.0 software.Study found: (1) teenagers digital media literacy is not only affected by parents of digital media literacy, and in the use of digital media, cognition,information evaluation and there are significant correlation between participation in four dimensions,the relationship between the interaction significantly higher than the impact between parents and adolescents digital media literacy level;(2) Parents with high digital media literacy tend to choose "pluralistic" communication methods, and the corresponding level of digital media literacy of adolescents is also high; However, parents with a low level of digital media literacy tend to choose the "protective" communication style, and the corresponding level of digital media literacy of teenagers is relatively low. (3) The correlation between the types of parent-child interaction and the level of digital media literacy of adolescents shows that the "activity participation" type ofparent-child interaction has a significant positive impact on the level of digital media literacy of adolescents, while the "normative" type of parent-child interaction has no significant impact on the level of digital media literacy of adolescents.

 

Based on the research findings, this paper proposes the following suggestions for the digital media literacy education of adolescents' families :(1) We should not only pay attention to the influence of parents' digital media literacy level on teenagers' digital media literacy level,but also give play to the main role of teenagers indigital media literacy education; (2) In the process of digital media literacy education for adolescents, parents need to select appropriate communication methods based on the specific family environment and the characteristics of adolescents. (3) Parents should actively participate in teenagers' digital media activities,and educate teenagers' digital media literacy in common digital media activities.

 

Finally, the innovation and shortcomings of this study are analyzed, and the future research is prospected.

 

Key Words: Teenagers ; Digital Media Literacy Education;Family education; Family communication style; Parent-child interaction type