摘要

教改实验即教育改革实验，是指围绕学校教育教学进行的改革，从单方面或多方面开展的相关课题研究的改革实验，对学校课程设置、教学方法等进行改革实验，以期提高学校的教育质量。近年来，诸多研究者从课程改革、实验类型、价值取向等方面探讨了教改实验基本特征的发展转变问题，从不同维度对教改实验基本特征的分析成为研究热点。

人们从实验历程、内容、类型等方面探讨，提出诸多见解，成果颇丰。但梳理相关研究文献发现，现有的成果仍存在研究不足：实验梳理多是对某一历史阶段的梳理，缺乏对建国至今实验历程的整体梳理，造成实验梳理跨度不足；基本特征亦多是对单一维度特征的分析总结，从多种维度对特征的整体把握较少，很难从整体上把握实验特征的内在关联。因此，有必要从建国初开始对教改实验进行系统梳理，从实验要素、师生角色等多维度对基本特征进行综合分析，便于对教改实验具有全方位、多角度、深层次的认识。有助于从整体上把握教改实验与社会发展的互动关系，探寻教育改革发展的内在规律，合理预测教改实验的未来发展趋势，并为其他研究者提供借鉴。

本研究拟在考察历程、典型分析的基础上，从实验发展、实验要素、师生角色、实验类型、价值取向等多维度剖析特征，囊括了社会与人的发展需求对教改实验发展的动态变化，学制、课程等多方面的实验要素特征，实验类型、师生角色、价值取向等实验动态特征等，并根据分析预测未来趋势。本研究包括以下五部分。

第一部分，绪论。包括论文的选题缘由、教改实验基本特征的概念界定及相关文献综述、论文研究目的及意义、研究方法等。

第二部分，教改实验的历程考察。将建国后的教改实验分为七个发展阶段，分析了每个时段的时代背景与教育状况，并对每个时段的学制、课程等改革实验进行简单梳理。

第三部分，典型实验分析。以社会背景和实验价值为依据，每个阶段各选取了一个有代表性的教改实验作以简单概述。

第四部分，教改实验的基本特征。根据内容梳理，主要将基本特征分为五大维度，以时间划分为纵轴，以维度的变化更替为横轴，通过时间迁移来体现教改实验特征的动态嬗变历程。

第四部分，我国教改实验的展望。通过对教改实验基本特征的分析，对未来教改实验的发展作出与基本特征相对应的些许展望。

关键词：教改实验；基本特征；典型实验；实验要素

ABSTRACT

Educational reform experiment is educational reform experiment,which refers to the reform of school education and teaching,the reform experiment of related subject research carried out from one side or many sides, and the reform experiment of school curriculum setting and teaching method, so as to improve the quality of school education. In recent years, many researchers have discussed the development and transformation of the basic characteristics of educational reform experiments fromthe aspects of curriculum reform, experiment type and value orientation, etc., and the analysis of the basic characteristics of educational reform experiments from different dimensions has become a research hotspot.

People from the experimental course, content,type and other aspects of discussion, put forward a lot of views, the results are quite abundant. However, a review of relevant research literature shows that the existing achievements still have shortcomings: the experimental review is mostly about a certain historical stage,and lacks an overall review of the experimental process since the founding of the People's Republic of China,resulting in insufficient span of experimental review; The basic features are also the analysis and summary of the features of a single dimension, and the overall grasp of the features from various dimensions is less, so it is difficult to grasp the internal correlation of experimental features as a whole. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically sort out the educational reform experiment from the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China,and make a comprehensive analysis of the basic characteristics from the perspective of experimental elements and the roles of teachers and students,so as to have a comprehensive, multi-angle and deep understanding of the educational reform experiment. It is helpful to grasp the interactive relationship between educational reform experiment and social development on the whole,to explore the internal law of educationalreform and development, to reasonably predict the future development trend of educational reform experiment, and to provide reference for other researchers.

In investigation process, this study based on the analysis of the typical, developed from the experiment, experiment factor,the roles between teachers and students, type, value orientation,the multidimensional analysis of characteristics of include the development of the society and people demand for the development ofthe educational reform experiment of dynamic change, length of schooling, curriculum and other aspects of experimental elements characteristics of experimental types, the roles between teachers and students, and experimental dynamic characteristics, such as value orientation, and according to the analysis to predict the future trend. This study includes the following five parts.

The first part, introduction.This paper includes the reason of the topic selection,the definition of the basic characteristics of the teaching reform experiment and the relevant literature review, the purpose and significance of the paper research, research methods, etc.

The second part, the course of educational reform experiment.This paper divides the educational reform experiment after the founding of the People's Republic of China into seven stages of development,analyzes the historical background and educational status ofeach period, and briefly sorts out the reform experiment of school system and curriculum in each period.

The third part, the typical experimental analysis.On the basis of social background and experimental value,a representative educational reform experiment is selected for each stage to make a brief overview.

The fourth part, the basic characteristics of educational reform experiment.According to the content sorting,the basic features are mainly divided into five dimensions, with time as the vertical axis and dimension changes as the horizontal axis. Through time migration,the dynamic evolution process of teaching reform experimental features is reflected.

The fourth part, the prospect of China's educational reform experiment.Through the analysis of the basic characteristics of the educational reform experiment, the development of the educational reform experiment in the future corresponding to the basic characteristics of some prospects.

Key words: educational reform experiment;basic characteristics; typical experiment; the experimental factors