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| 合作原则视角下《大街》中人物对白的会话含义研究
摘 要
美国作家辛克莱·刘易斯（1885-1951）的代表作《大街》自1920年出版后好评如潮，迅速风靡欧美国家，一年内再版28次，被称为“20世纪美国出版史上最轰动的事件”。小说主题新颖，风格别致，是美国文学中描述地方风情最出色的文学作品。小说以第一次世界大战前后美国一个小镇为背景，讲述了一位城市女知识分子卡罗尔嫁到美国一个小镇上，成为一名乡村医生太太之后，企图“改造”这个受传统保守势力束缚的小镇，却格格不入并遇到巨大阻力的故事。该小说文笔细腻而辛辣，其中人物的对白有着十分精巧的设计和描叙，使读者印象深刻，值得回味。《大街》自问世以来，不少领域的学者都对其有所研究，但在语言学方面的研究成果还比较匮乏。
本文以Grice的会话含义理论中的合作原则作为理论框架，将小说中遵从和违反合作原则的言语对白作为语料，采取定性研究的方法，分别从违反合作原则中的质量准则、数量准则、关系准则和方式准则的四个方面而产生的会话含义及产生的作用进行说明,来分析该小说中人物对白的深层含义和隐含意义，从而探索小说中男女主人公的人物形象和性格特征，以及小说主题的深化。本文旨在帮助读者更加全面深刻地理解和赏析这部小说，同时给在会话含义视角下研究小说文本方面提供了一些参考。
关键词：《大街》；合作原则；会话含义；小说鉴赏
Abstract
Main Street written by American author Sinclair Lewis (1885-1951)has made the significant influence since the publication in 1920. It quickly became popular in Europe and the United States.It was reprinted 28 times in a year and critics referred to it as "themost sensational event in twentieth-century American publishing history". The novel has a unique style which described indigenous customs in American literature.The novel is set in a small town in America before and after World War I.It tells the story of an urban girl, Carol,who married a rural doctor and tried to transform the conservative little town but suffered the resistant from the traditional force. The writing of the novel is vivid and pungent,and the dialogues of the characters are exquisitely designed and narrated, which quite impress the readers. Main Street has been studied by scholars of various fields since itspublication, but the research in linguistics is still relatively poor.
This thesis uses the dialogues in the novel that obeyand violate the cooperative principle as the corpus. The author of the thesis analyzed the conversational implicature of characters’ dialogues under Grice's cooperative principle, as the theoretical framework by qualitative research method. This thesis in the four aspects of the cooperative principle, namely, maxim of quality,maxim of quantity, maxim of relation and maxim of manner to demonstrate the conversational implicature, exploring the deep meanings of selected dialogues,in the purpose of drawing the main characters’ images and personalities, revealing the theme of this novel, which also providing some suggests about the study of a novel from the perspective of the conversational implicature.
Key Words: Main Street; Conversational implicature;Cooperative principal; Fiction Appreciation
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