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| 汉德简单句模式中双宾结构比较研究
摘要
双宾语句由来已久，在德语和汉语中都属于基本句型，而且双宾结构也是德语和汉语这两种语言中富有特色的一种语言结构形式，一直以来受到研究者们的重视。对德语为母语的学习者来说，汉语双宾语结构也是汉语语法中的难点之一。
本文主要研究对象是汉语和德语中的双宾结构的句式、动词、宾语等，并基于对比语言学理论，采用对比分析法对汉德语中的双宾结构进行对比分析。通过对汉语和德语双宾结构的概念和分类对比、动词对比、语序对比、宾语顺序及省略对比、结构层次对比，然后分析汉德语双宾结构差异及原因发现：现代汉语中双宾动词跟德语中的双宾动词是不对等的。主要表现在从动词的分类来看，德语中双宾动词的种类要比汉语中多。除“给予”和“获得”外，还有“制造”、“交际工具”等双宾动词。其次，汉语中有一类双宾动词是“表称”类，而德语中并没有；汉语双宾语动词后面直接宾语和间接宾语的位置及其出现的情况也和德语有所差异等。最后两国人民在使用各自的双宾语句时，遵循不同的规律，有着不同的语言习惯和思维方式，众所周知，西方人思维比较理性，逻辑性强，他们注重形式的完整性。因此，我们能够很容易的发觉在德语中形合手段使用频率远高于中文，同时德语双宾语句中有很多形合手段。
关键词：双宾结构；汉德；对比；分析
of German and Chinese, which has always been valued by researchers.For native German learners,the double-object structure of Chinese is also one of the difficulties in Chinese grammar.
The main research objects of this thesis are the sentence patterns,verbs, and objects of the double-object structure in Chinese and German. Based on the theory of contrastive linguistics,a comparative analysis of the double-object structure in Chinese and German is carried out. Through the concept and classification comparison of double object structure inChinese and German, verb comparison, word order comparison,object order and omission comparison,structural level comparison,and then analyze the differences between Chinese and German double object structure and the reason found: modern Chinese double object verbs and German The double-object verbs in are not equivalent. Mainly in terms of the classification of verbs,there are more types of double-object verbs in German than in Chinese. In addition to "give" and "obtain",there are also double-object verbs such as "make" and "communication tool". Secondly, there is a type of double-object verbs in Chinese that are "presentatives", but not in German; the positions and appearances of the direct and indirect objects behind the double-object verbs in Chinese are also different from those in German. Finally, when the two peoples use their own double-object sentences,they follow different rules and have different language habits and ways of thinking. As we all know, Westerners think more rationally and logically, and they pay attention to the integrity of the form. Therefore, we can easily find that the frequency of use of hypothetical means in German is much higher than that in Chinese,and there are many hypothetical means in German double object sentences.
Keywords: double object structure; Chinese; German; contrast; analysis
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