灯塔翻译研究


摘要

我国十分重视大众创业、万众创新。对于国家来说，创业会创造就业机会，让国家财政结构更加健全，推动社会和经济的发展，激发市场活力。在这个背景下，笔者选取了2020年在《清洁生产杂志》中刊登的论文《灯塔效应：成功企业家如何影响创业生态系统的可持续发展方向》作为翻译材料。灯塔效应是指成功的初创企业对创业系统和当地文化和企业文化有吸引的作用，此外，创业生态系统对于中国创业领域的发展具有重要的意义，所以，阅读本篇文章可以加深我们对创业生态系统的理解，为完善我国创业生态系统提供启示，从而促进我国的创业生态系统的发展。在纽马克交际翻译理论指导下，确定根据文章的风格和文本类型，在表达原文内容的基础上，运用不同的翻译策略和方法，提高译文的可读性，以保证信息功能和交际作用。

本篇翻译实践报告分为四个章节，第一章是引言。第二章，笔者在进行翻译实践前，对原文进行分析并做足译前准备。第三章是本篇报告的核心，其中纽马克交际翻译理论对笔者在词汇、句子、语篇三个层面的翻译实践产生了很大的指导作用。在词汇层面，针对文中出现词汇，通过直译、音译、词类转换等方法将这些词汇更好地表达出原文所表达的含义。在句子层面，对文中出现的插入语采用分译和合译；对于文中出现的长句，主要采用拆分和重组；对于被动语态，采用主动译法或译为汉语被动句。在语篇层面，主要采用了代词的照应、语篇逻辑重组和增减关联词的方法。第四章是总结，表达笔者对本篇翻译报告的收获，经过分析翻译过程中遇见的困难和疑惑，从中提高笔者的翻译能力。

关键词：纽马克交际翻译理论；文本类型；创业生态系统

as this translation practice report.Lighthouse effect refers to the successful start-up enterprises to the attractive effect of successful start-ups on the entrepreneurial system and local culture and corporate culture, in addition,the entrepreneurial ecosystem for the development of China's entrepreneurial field is of great significance, so reading this article can deepen our understanding of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, to improve China's entrepreneurial ecosystem to provide inspiration, thereby promoting the development of China's entrepreneurial ecosystem. According to the style and text type of the article,it is determined that the Newmark’s communicative translation theory is the guidance of this translationpractice, and on the basis of expressing the original text, different translation strategies and methods are used to improve the readability of the translation, so as to ensure the informative and communicative function.

This translation practice report is divided into four chapters, the first chapter is the introduction. The second chapter describes the translation process,including the preparation of pre-translation and the analysis of the original text. The third chapter, which is the core of this report,includes vocabulary translation, sentence translation and discourse translation. Newmark’s communicative translation theory has a great guiding effect on these aspects.For the aspect of vocabulary translation,proprietary nouns and vocabulary can be expressed the meaning of the original text better, through direct translation, transliteration. In terms of sentence translation,we use different translation methods and strategies, according to different types of sentences. The translator adopts translation skills,like Segmentation, Reconstruction, Division and Combination. In discourse translation, the reference of pronouns,the logical reorganization of discourse and the addition and omission of Connective words are mainly used. The fourth chapter is to summarize and express my harvest of this translation report.After analyzing the difficulties and doubts encountered in the translation process,then learning from experience, this will help me to study and develop in the future.

Keywords：Newmark’s communicative translation; text type; entrepreneurial  ecosystems