摘 要

大豆最初来自中国，是我国最重要的粮食作物之一。它们已经生长了五千多年。同样，中国目前是世界上最大的大豆进口国和消费国，而美国作为世界上主要的大豆生产国和出口国控制着在全球大豆交易市场中的发言权。因此，中美大豆贸易关系影响全球大豆市场贸易格局，在全球大豆市场中扮演着非常重要的角色。

然而，自2018年中美贸易中断全面升级以来，中国已对从美国进口的大豆征收25％的高关税，目的是大幅减少我国与我国大豆对外贸易的对口贸易量，并影响了中美大豆交易市场。

为了更深入的了解中美贸易摩擦对我国大豆进口市场的影响程度，通过对以往文献分析，得知影响中美大豆贸易的因素颇多，无论是经济因素、政治因素、贸易因素都对中美大豆贸易产生了不同程度的影响。因此本文会从不同的影响因素间展开研究和探讨。

首先本文先分别分析了目前我国和世界大豆贸易格局情况，通过查阅近几年来全球大豆市场贸易数据，了解我国大豆对外进口量的变化，得知美国占据我国大豆进口市场很大份额。然后对中美大豆贸易发展历程进行分析，结合我国大豆自给率低、对外进口依赖性强等特点，总结出我国在中美大豆贸易中处于劣势地位。最后根据中美贸易摩擦升级的背景下对我国大豆贸易现状分析，总结出中美贸易摩擦对我国大豆价格影响因素，运用层次分析法，分析不同影响因素对我国大豆贸易的影响程度，决定哪些因素对我国大豆贸易影响最大，最终再明确影响程度之后，从不同角度出发，提出相应的发展策略，提高我国大豆自给率，减少我国大豆对外进口量，降低对单一国家进口大豆的依赖性，提高我国大豆产业的发展，让我国大豆在国际大豆市场争取更多的话语权。

关键词：大豆进口；中美贸易摩擦；大豆贸易

Influence of Sino-US trade friction on imported soybean in China

ABSTRACT

Soybean originated in China and is one of the important food crops in my country.It has been cultivated for more than 5,000 years.Similarly, China is currently the world’s largest soybean importer and consumer, and the United States,as an important soybean producer and exporter in the world, controls the right to speak in the global soybean trade market. Therefore, Sino-US soybean trade relations affect global soybeans.The pattern of market trade plays a very important role in the global soybean market.

However, since the overall escalation of Sino-US trade frictions in 2018,in order to take countermeasures,China has imposed a high tariff of 25% on imported soybeans from the United States, which has greatly reduced the volume of my country’s soybean foreign trade and affected the Sino-US soybean trading market. development of.

In order to have a deeper understanding of the impact of Sino-US trade frictions on my country’s soybean import market, through the analysis of previous documents,we know that there are many factors affecting Sino-US soybean trade,whether economic factors, political factors, and trade factors affect China and the United States. The soybean trade has had varying degrees of impact.Therefore, this article will conduct research and discussion from different influencing factors.

First of all, this article analyzes the current situationof soybean trade in my country and the world separately. By consulting the global soybean market trade data in recent years,we can understand the changes in my country's soybean import volumeand learn that the United States occupies a large share of my country's soybean import market. Then it analyzes the development process of Sino-US soybean trade,and combines the characteristics of my country's low soybean self-sufficiency rate and strong dependence on foreign imports, and concludes that my country is in a disadvantaged position in the Sino-US soybean trade. Finally, based on the analysis of the status quo of China's soybean trade under the background of the escalation of Sino-US trade frictions,summarize the factors affecting China's soybean prices by the Sino-US trade frictions,use the analytic hierarchy process to analyze the degree of influence of different influencing factors on China's soybean trade, and determine which factors It has the greatest impact on China’s soybean trade. After the final degree of impact is clarified,corresponding development strategies are proposed from different perspectives to increase China’s soybean self-sufficiency rate,reduce China’s soybean imports, reduce dependence on soybean imports from a single country, and increase China’s The development of the soybean industry has allowed China's soybeans to gain more voice in the international soybean market.

Keywords: soybean import; Sino-US trade friction; soybean trade