摘要

随着老年人口比例的上升，世界各国老龄化程度也渐渐加深，经济、社会、文化等领域都受到不同程度的影响。对于老龄化造成的各种问题该怎样解决成为全世界关注的焦点。作为中国最早进入深度老龄化的城市，上海的老年户籍人口比例逐年持续上升。同时，随着社会和家庭结构的不断变化，现阶段老年人的养老需求无法单纯依靠传统的家庭养老模式满足，机构养老应运而生。但公办养老机构数量有限，无法解决所有养老需要。为避免未来养老资源的匮乏，解决老龄化养老难题，近年来民办养老机构不断改革发展，旨在发挥其社会作用。然而养老床位短缺等问题随之而来，服务供给问题层出不穷。本文首先从现有研究调查入手，对相关文献进行综述，分析现有研究的进展和不足。其次收集数据和文献，从总体数量、分布情况、工作人员、环境设施、服务内容、费用等方面探究当前上海民办养老机构的服务现状。再次，分析上文内容，总结得出上海民办养老机构存在的供给问题。最后，提出要从工作人员、机构发展、服务水平、政府监管四方面加以完善，旨在解决民办养老机构服务缺陷，促进民办养老机构发展。

关键字：机构养老；民办养老机构

Abstract

With the increase of the proportion of the elderly population,the degree of aging in countries around the world is gradually deepening, and the economic, social, cultural and other fields are affected to varying degrees. How to solve various problems caused by aging has become the focus of worldwide attention.As the earliest aging city in China,the proportion of the elderly registered population in Shanghai continues to rise year by year. At the same time, with the constant change of social and family structure,the pension needs of the elderly at the present stage cannot be met solelyby the traditional family pension model, and institutional pension arises at the historic moment. However, the number of public pension institutions is limited and cannot meet all pension needs.In order to avoid the lack of pension resources in the future and solve the aging problem, private pension institutions have been reformedand developed in recent years, aiming to give play to their social role. However, the shortage of nursing beds and other problems followed, supply problems emerge one after another. This paper starts with the existing research investigation,reviews the relevant literature, and analyzes the progress and shortcomings of the existing research. Secondly, data and literature are collected to explore the current supply situation of private pension institutions in Shanghai from six aspects: total number,distribution, staff, environmental facilities, service content, cost and expenditure. Thirdly, analyze the above content and summarize the supplyproblems existing in Shanghai private pension institutions. Finally, it proposes to improve it from four aspects: staff, institution development,service level and government supervision,aiming to solve the supply problem of private pension institutions and promote the development of private pension institutions.

Keywords: Institutional care；Private pension institutions

 

目录

一、绪论 1

(一)研究背景及意义 1

1.研究背景 1

2.研究意义 2

(二)文献综述 2

1.国内外民办养老机构文献 2

2.文献述评 4

（三）研究内容与方法 4

1.研究内容 4

2.研究方法 5

二、上海民办养老机构现状 5

（一）总体数量各区有一定差异 5

（二）分布情况城区多，郊区少 6

（三）工作人员配置结构 7

（四）环境设施需求 7

（五）服务内容与水平 8

（六）收费高，差异大 9

三、民办养老机构养老服务存在的缺陷 10

（一）工作人员数量少，专业化不足 10

（二）服务供给水平低 10

（三）机构发展困境 11

（四）政府监督管理不足 11

四、民办养老机构养老服务缺陷的完善对策 12

（一）改善人员结构，提高专业素养 12

（二）建构多样化服务体系 13

（三）改善机构发展条件 13

（四）完善政府监督管理 14

五、结语 14

参考文献 16