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| 校园足球背景下黑龙江省高校高水平足球队发展研究——基于SWOT分析法 摘 要 足球运动被称之为“世界第一大运动”，足球运动的历史悠久，参与人群广泛，是一项开展形式多样，老少皆宜的运动项目。我国古代的“蹴鞠”运动被称之为古代足球的鼻祖，而现代足球普遍认为是起源于英国。现代足球运动在我国的发展早已超过百年，但是我国足球运动发展整体水平不高，竞技足球运动体系不完善，学校足球运动发展不持续，群众足球运动开展不充分，尽管自1992年足球改革以后，我国在竞技足球上推行职业化道路，在学校足球开展校园足球运动，但是纵观改革二十余年的成果，我国竞技足球成绩仍不尽人意，国内各类足球运动开展也并没有完全达到预期的效果，足球运动在我国的发展仍然任重而道远。 高校高水平足球队是衔接中小学校园足球人才和高水平职业足球人才的重要渠道，全国高校校园足球的比赛也是我国现阶段规格较高组织较为规范的全国性大型足球竞赛之一，是发展我国足球运动的重要且必须的路径。如何在校园足球的大背景下更好的发展高校高水平足球队，以此为我国足球运动的发展贡献力量是一个非常有价值的问题。本次研究以黑龙江省六所高校的高水平足球队为调查和研究对象，通过文献参阅、专家访谈等方式充分了解我国足球运动的发展以及校园足球的开展情况，在此基础上通过问卷调查、专门访谈等方式对黑龙江省高校高水平足球队的现阶段开展情况进行明确和分析，最终采用SWOT分析法对各类资料信息进行全面的分析，明确了黑龙江省高校高水平足球队的内部和外部的优、劣势，其内部劣势包括：运动员选拔途径和方式单一，并且与基础教育阶段严重脱节；教练人员总体数量不足；球队竞赛训练情况较差，不能充分从比赛中得到训练。外部机遇包括：现阶段国家足球发展政策有利；国内足球开展环境较之以前有很大改善。外部的挑战包括：校园内足球文化缺失；国家体育机制改革缓慢；黑龙江省冬季训练环境恶劣。 针对研究所得出的结论并结合黑龙江省高校高水平足球队的实际情况提出如下建议：一是拓展运动员人群，衔接中小学校园；二是改革教练员选拔，组建教练组团队；三是组织学校间交流，开展本地区联赛；四是重视寒冬季训练，拓展足球队视野。 关键词： 校园足球；黑龙江省高校；高水平足球队；SWOT分析；改革发展 Abstract Football is called "the world's biggest sport".With a long history and a wide range of participants, football is a sport for all ages in various forms. "Cuju" in ancient China is called the originator of ancient football,while modern football is generally believed to have originated from England. The development of modern football sports in our country has more than one hundred years, the overall level is not high,but our country soccer movement development competitive sport system is imperfect,school football sports development is not continuous,the inadequate of football sports,though since 1992 soccer reform, promote professional road in competitive football in our country, and in the school football to carry out the campus football, but throughout more than 20 years of reform efforts, China's competitive football result is still unsatisfactory, domestic all kinds of football sports not fully achieve the desired effect, and the development of football sports in China is still a long way to go. The high-level college football team is an important channel connecting the primary andsecondary school campus football talents with high-level professional football talents. The national college campus football match is also one of the large-scale national football competitions with relatively high specifications and standard organization at the presentstage in China, and it is an important and necessary way to develop China's football game. How to better develop the high-level college football team under the background of campus football, so as to contribute to the development of football in China is a very valuable problem. The study of six universities in heilongjiang province high level football team as the object of investigation and research,by way of reference literature and expert interview fully understand the development of football sports in China and the development of campus football, on this basis,through the questionnaire survey and interview with special ways of heilongjiang province colleges and universities high level football team is clear and analysis carried out at the present stage, finally adopted SWOT analysis method to comprehensive analysis of all kinds of information, has been clear about the high level football team in colleges and universities in heilongjiang province of internal and external advantages and disadvantages, the internal disadvantages include: Athletes are selected in a single way and seriously out of touch with the basic education stage; The overall number of coaches is insufficient; The team's competition training condition is poor, can't get enough training from the competition. External opportunities include: the current national football development policy is favorable; Domestic football development environment compared with the past has been greatly improved. External challenges include: a lack of football culture on campus;The reform of national sports mechanism is slow; Winter training environment in heilongjiang province is harsh. Based on the conclusions of the research and the actual situation of the high level college football teams in Heilongjiang Province, the following suggestions are put forward: First,expand the number of athletes and connect the primary and secondary school campuses; Second, reform the selection of coaches and set up the coaching team;The third is to organize exchanges between schools and develop regional leagues; Fourth, pay attention to the winter training, expand the vision of the football team. Keywords：Campus football; Colleges and Universities of Heilongjiang Province; A high-level football team; SWOT analysis; Reform and Development |
