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| 东北地区科技企业孵化器绩效的评价研究
在“大众创业、万众创新”的号召下，我国初创型企业的数量实现大幅增长，科技企业孵化器也逐渐成为推动科技创新的重要载体。在科技企业孵化器绩效管理方面，主要涵盖了过程和结果两大方面，两者相互制约又互为促进。因此，对于科技企业孵化器绩效的衡量既要求其实现服务职能，也对其运营绩效提出更高要求。
东北地区在经济发展、基础资源等方面都与其他发达地区存在较大的差距。为了定位东北地区科技企业孵化器的发展水平，分析其绩效层面的发展现状和问题，本文对东北地区科技企业孵化器绩效水平展开定量评价和对比分析。
本文在明确科技企业孵化器绩效的定义、梳理相关研究成果的基础上，建立科技企业孵化器绩效的二维评价模型。分别运用主成分分析法和 DEA 方法评价全国四大地区内各省（区、市）科技企业孵化器的服务能力和运营绩效，然后根据综合评价结果进行分类。最后，结合区域特征横向对比全国各个地区科技企业孵化器绩效的整体水平和影响因素；选取各地区重点评价指标的5 年数据进行纵向分析，总结东北地区科技企业孵化器发展特点并提出针对性建议。
对于东北地区科技企业孵化器的绩效水平及发展问题，本文主要得出以下结论: （1）服务建设投入不足，增值服务能力弱。（2）技术效率普遍低下，高质量技术平台发展滞后。（3）受区域环境因素制约，资源扶持力度小。（4）盲目扩张规模，效益增长滞后。（5）资源配置不合理，人力资源流失。（6）入孵门槛较低，影响孵化绩效。为提高东北地区科技企业孵化器绩效水平，本文建议:（1）优化服务体系，提高服务能力。（2）改善战略规划，提升运营绩效。（3）整合内外部资源，促进地区协调发展。（4）加强政府支持引导，营造良好创新氛围。
关键词:
Abstract
Research on the evaluation of the performance of science and technology business incubator in Northeast China
Under the call of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation",the number of start-ups in China has achieved a substantial growth, and science and technology business incubators have gradually become an important carrier to promote scientific and technological innovation. In the aspect of performance management of science and technology business incubators,it mainly covers two aspects: process and result, which restrict and promote each other. Therefore, the measurement of the performance of science and technology business incubators not only requires them to realize service functions,but also puts forward higher requirements for their output performance.
There is a big gap between Northeast China and other developedregions in terms of economic development and basic resources. In order to position the development level of science and technology business incubators in Northeast China and analyze the development status and problems of their performance, this paper carries out quantitative evaluation and comparative analysis on the performance level of science and technology business incubators in Northeast China.
The paper establishes a two-dimensional evaluation model of the performance of science andtechnology business incubators on the basis of clarifying the definition of the performance of science and technology business incubators and sorting out relevant research results. Principal component analysis (PCA) and DEA methods were used to evaluate theservice capability and operation performance of science and technology business incubators in the four provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities)in China, and then classified according to the comprehensive evaluation results. Finally, combined with regional characteristics,the overall level and influencing factors of theperformance of science and technology business incubators in different regions of the country were compared horizontally. Selecting the five years' data of the key evaluation indexes of each region to make a longitudinal analysis, summarizing the development characteristics of science and technology business incubators in Northeast China and putting forward targeted suggestions.
As for the performance level and development of science and technology business incubators in Northeast China, the paper mainly draws the following conclusions: (1) Insufficient investment in service construction and weak value-added service ability. (2) The technical efficiency is generally low and the development of high-quality technology platforms lags behind. (3) Restricted by regional environmental factors, resource support is small.(4) Blind expansion of scale, benefit growth lag.(5) Unreasonable allocation of resources and loss of human resources.(6) The low threshold of incubation affects the incubation performance.In order to improve the performance level of science and technology business incubators in Northeast China, the paper suggests :(1) optimize the service system and improve the service ability. (2) Improve strategic planning and operational performance.(3) Integrate internal and external resources to promote coordinated regional development.(4) Strengthen government support and guidance to create a favorable environment for innovation.
Key words:
technology business incubator,performance evaluation, service capability, output performance
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