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| 汉语死亡类委婉语所体现的文化内涵 中文摘要 语言禁忌是导致委婉语产生的最根本的因素之一。在通常情况下，人们在言语交谈中总是忌讳、回避“死”这个字，尽量用表意委婉的词语来替代。语言是文化的璀璨结晶，作为中国的文化源远流长的产物，委婉语具有丰富与多变性。首先，中国素有“礼仪之邦”之称，传承了几千年的儒家文化造就了中国重尊卑的传统。当人们对于“死”字不约而同地采取了规避的手段，“死”也就自然而然地衍生出了不同委婉替代语以展现不同阶层、不同年龄、不同身份、不同感情的死。中国人受到传统的儒家思想和封建社会下严格的封建礼教的影响，形成了特定的思维方式，在“中庸”辩证和谐的思维方式的指导下，形成了以“含蓄”著称的语言表达方式。这在语言的使用中表现出很大的灵活性：并不直接表达自己的感想，而是希望对方从自己的委婉语中领会各色的真实意义。这与中国传统文化的影响是分不开的。其次，宗教哲学思想的影响不容置疑，中国的宗教虽教派众多但并没有统一过思想领域所以这也从另一个层面上增添了死亡委婉语的种类。当然，其中最具影响力的宗教思想莫过于自唐朝时就传入我国的佛教以及中国传统的道教。其三，委婉语是一种在社会生活中应用非常普遍的交际形式，它是不仅仅局限于中国境内的语言形式，它在不同的文化背景下也都发挥着作用。作为一种特殊的语言表达手段，委婉语的应用反映出不同时期稳定的社会价值取向，而这些社会基础的差异正是委婉语产生的重要原因。 关键词：死亡委婉语;宗教;儒家;社会价值取向;影响 Abstract Language taboo is one of the most fundamental factors leading to euphemism. Under normal circumstances, people always avoid the word "death" and try to use euphemistic words instead. As a product of Chinese culture, euphemism is rich and changeable. First of all, China is known as the "state of etiquette", which has inherited the Confucian culture for thousands of years and created the tradition of respecting the superiority and inferiority in China. When people take evasive measures to avoid the word "death", different euphemism substitutes are naturally derived from "death" to show different classes, different ages, different identities and different feelings of death. Under the influence of traditional Confucianism and strict feudal ethics in feudal society, Chinese people have formed a specific way of thinking. Under the guidance of the dialectical and harmonious way of thinking of "golden mean", they have formed a way of language expression known as "implicit". This shows great flexibility in the use of language: it doesn't express one's feelings directly, but hopes that the other party can understand the real meaning from one's own euphemism. This is inseparable from the influence of traditional Chinese culture. Secondly, there is no doubt about the influence of religious philosophy. Although there are many religious sects in China, they have not unified the ideological field, so it also adds the types of death euphemism from another level. Of course, the most influential religious thoughts are Buddhism and traditional Taoism which have been introduced into China since the Tang Dynasty. Thirdly, euphemism is a very common form of communication in social life. It is not only a language form limited in China, but also plays a role in different cultural backgrounds. As a special means of language expression, the application of Euphemism reflects the stable social value orientation in different periods, and these differences in social basis are the important reasons for the emergence of euphemism. Keyword：Euphemism of death; religion; Confucianism;Social value orientation; influence |
