《坎特伯雷故事集》的人文主义剖析


摘 要

人文主义是人类历史上出现的最重要的思想体系之一，它的历史可以追溯至古希腊、古罗马的哲学家和诗人、中国的儒学家和古印度的哲学家们的研究和思考。《坎特伯雷故事集》是乔叟一生创作的最高成就。它主张人文主义的人生态度，反对禁欲主义，揭露教会的腐败和堕落，赞美自由的爱情。其中对不同人物的描写，如骑士、巴斯来的妇人、女修道士等，从他们的言行举止、价值观和生活方式的方面来体现了人文主义精神，折射出当时的现实生活，体现了人们的价值观和对自由生活的渴望。人文主义思想在14世纪后期的英国已经出现和传播，乔叟是英国著名的人文主义者。《坎特伯雷故事集》通过不同阶层人们之间反映了整个社会的精神世界, 不同的利益观、价值观、审美观造就不同的旅途故事, 不同的故事又反映了不同阶层的生活追求和社会欲望。

本文将通过搜集中外相关文献并综合、研究资料，分析中外学者观点；其次通过分析人物形象在《坎特伯雷故事集》中的表现来分析人文主义。并且进一步去理解乔叟人文主义思想的影响，从而深入解读《坎特伯雷故事集》。

关键词：乔叟《坎特伯雷故事集》；人文主义.

ABSTRACT

Humanism is one of the most important ideological systems in the history of mankind.Its history can be traced back to the research and thinking of philosophers and poets in ancient Greece and Rome, Chinese Confucianism and ancient Indian philosophers. The Canterbury Tales is the crowning achievement of Chaucer's life.It advocates a humanistic attitude towards life, opposes asceticism,exposes the corruption and depravity of the church, and praises free love. The descriptions of different characters, such as knights, Bath women, female monks, etc., reflect the humanism spirit from their words and deeds, values and life style,reflect the real life at that time, and reflect people's values and desire for free life. Humanism had appeared and spread in England in the late14th century, and Chaucer was a famous British humanist. The Canterbury Tales reflects the spiritual world ofthe whole society through people of different classes. Different views on interests, values and aesthetics create different journey stories,which in turn reflect the life pursuit and social desire of different classes.

This paper will analyze the viewpoints of Chinese and foreign scholarsby collecting relevant literature and synthesizing research materials. Secondly, humanism is analyzed through the analysis of the performance of the characters in The Canterbury Tales. And further to understand the impact of Chaucer's humanism thought,so as to in-depth interpretation of the Canterbury Tales.

Key words: Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, humanism.