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| 从生态批评视角分析《白鲸》中的人物形象 摘 要 19世纪美国小说家梅尔维尔的代表作《白鲸》作为美国文学的一颗明珠，是人与自然关系创作领域的巅峰之作。他精彩的人物形象和深邃的象征意义为众多读者所赞叹。二十世纪以来,随着经济全球化的快速发展,一些不可避免的环境问题也接踵而至,人与自然的关系严重失衡。因此,从生态批评角度研究人与自然的关系可以引起人们对自然环境的重视,促使人们重新审视应该如何合理地对自然进行索取和保护。研究这篇小说主要是为了揭示人们对待自然的态度决定着他们的命运的哲理,警示人们要敬畏自然，也要尊重自然规律，实现人与自然的和谐共处。 本文从生态批评视角下研究其中主要人物的象征意义并挖掘其中所包含的具有生态价值的观点,共分为五个部分:引言部分阐明梅尔维尔自然意识的来源,分析了当代生态危机的根源,简要概述了生态批评理论;第一章主要是介绍小说中主要人物生态意识的觉醒;第二章主要介绍其中人与自然的象征意义;第三章是《白鲸》给人们带来的生态警示与启迪;最后一部分是对作者想通过作品表达的丰富的生态伦理思想以及这部作品的现代价值的总结。 关键词：生态批评 象征 自然意识 现代价值 ABSTRACT The representative work of the 19th century American novelist Melville, Moby Dick,as a pearl of American Literature, is the pinnacle of the creation of the relationship between man and nature. His wonderful characters and profound symbolic meaning have been admired by many readers.Since the 20th century, with the rapid development of economic globalization,some inevitable ecological problems have followed, and the relationship between man and nature is seriously unbalanced. Therefore, studying the relationship between man and nature from the perspective of ecocriticism can arouse people's attention to the natural environment,and prompt people to re-examine how to obtain and protect nature reasonably. The purpose of studying this novel is to reveal the philosophy that people’s attitude towards nature determines their destiny, and to warn people to respect nature and to respect the laws of nature. Only by changing the wrong idea that nature is the object of human conquest can we realize the harmonious coexistence of man and nature. From the perspective of ecocriticism,the thesis studies the symbolic meaning of the main characters and explores the ecologically valuable viewpoints contained in them, which is divided into five parts. The introduction clarifies the source of Melville's natural consciousness,analyzes the roots of the contemporary ecological crisis, and briefly summarizes the theory of ecocriticism. The opening chapter mainly introduces the awakening of the ecological consciousness of the principal characters in the novel. The second chapter mainly introduces the symbolic meaning of human being and nature.The third chapter is the ecological warning and enlightenment brought to people by Moby Dick.The final part provides a summary of the abundant ecological ethics that the author wants to express through the work and the modern value of this work. Key words: ecocriticism symbolic natural consciousness modern value Contents Abstract in Chinese II Abstract Introduction 1 Chapter One Melville's Natural Consciousness Source 3 A.Melville's Personal Experiences and Moby Dick 3 B.Modern Ecological Crisis and Its Cultural Root 4 C.An Overview of Ecocriticism Theory.. 6 Chapter Two The Awakening of Ecological Consciousness of the Main Characters in Moby Dick 8 A.Ahab: The Representative of Capitalist Extreme Individualism 8 B.Starbark: The Humanitarian Image of "good person" 10 C.Ishmael: Those Who Close to Nature Are Saved 12 Chapter Three The Symbolic Meaning of Man and Nature in Moby Dick 13 A.The Suggestive Relationship Between Characters and Nature 14 1.Captain Ahab and Pequod 14 2.Moby Dick and the sea 16 B.The Implication and Warning of the Relationship Between Man and Nature 17 1.Ahab's tragic fate 18 2.The survival of Ishmael 19 Chapter Four Ecological Enlightenment and Warning in Moby Dick... 21 A.The Multiple Values of Nature 21 B.Ecological Enlightenment and Realistic Meaning 22 Conclusion 25 Bibliography 27 |
