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| 明清白银流入和苗族银饰盛行的关系 摘要 世界在15、16世纪进入了地理大发现的时代，新大陆和旧大陆之间的联系变得越来越紧密。明隆庆年间，长期的海洋政策得到改变，部分开海，中国将丝绸之路直接连接到世界各地的海上。因此，经由海上丝绸之路到海外的散装货物发生了重大变化，进口的白银和贵金属数量惊人。白银已成为中国经济日常运行中不可或缺的硬通货，对中国金融结构、金融体系、和社会产生重大影响。而从明代开始，政府加强了对“滇黔驿道” 的建设，借贵州连接起内地与云南的物资输送通道，实现了对黔地的控制。清代 ，“改土归流”强化清廷对“苗疆”管辖，使贵州地区越发进入“国家化”的进程。加强了内地与边疆、汉族与少数民族之间的往来。官府的设立、军队的驻扎、商贸的发展，在加强了苗族地区经济文化发展的同时，也带来了货币的流通。历史的进程将白银带入贵州，为银饰在苗族社会生活中的盛行奠定了基础。 关键词：白银贸易；改土归流；苗族银饰 Abstract The world entered the era of great geographical discoveries in the 15th and 16th centuries, and the connection between the new and old continents became more and more close. During the Longqing period of the Ming Dynasty, China's long-term maritime policy was changed.Part of the sea was opened,and China directly connected the Silk Road to the sea all over the world. As a result, significant changes have taken place in the bulk cargo going overseas viathe maritime Silk Road, with an alarming amount of silver and precious metals imported. Silver has become an indispensable hard currency in the daily operation of China's economy,which has a significant impact on China's financial structure, financial system and society. From the Ming Dynasty,the government strengthened the construction of "Yunnan Guizhou post road" and realized the control of Guizhou by connecting the inland and Yunnan material transportation channels. In the Qing Dynasty, "changing the land to flow" strengthened the Qing government's jurisdiction over "Miao Jiang", which made Guizhou more and more into the process of "nationalization". The exchanges between the mainland and the border areas,the Han nationality and the ethnic minorities have been strengthened. The establishment of the government,the stationing of the army and the development of Commerce and trade not only strengthened the economic and cultural development of the Miao area, but also brought about the circulation of money. The process of history brought silver into Guizhou,which laid the foundation for the prevalence of silver ornaments in the Miao social life Key words: Silver trade; changing the land to the current; Miao silver ornaments |
