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| 非晶合金高速永磁电机的优化设计及流体场计算
摘 要
高速永磁电机具有功率大、转矩高的特点，且电机的体积小，散热条件不好，运行时会比普通电机产生更多的损耗和更大的温升，导致效率降低甚至更恶劣的故障。因此，应对电机进行优化设计，使其在运行中产生的损耗尽可能减小。同时分别细致分析电机各部分的损耗，结合冷却结构的流体场，分析电机的温升与分布情况，对电机在实际工程中应用具有重要意义。
首先，本文通过时步有限元的仿真计算，分别对四种充磁方式进行对比分析，通过对其基波磁密幅值和谐波畸变率的综合分析对比，选用了电磁性能更好的Halbach充磁。使用Halbach与组合磁极相结合的转子结构，基于田口法和正交试验对其磁钢厚度、低磁能积材料所占的角度、Halbach充磁夹角和低磁能积材料这四个参数进行了优化设计。同时设计了一台两极非晶电机和一台两极硅钢电机，均采用平行充磁的方式。
其次，以50kW，48000r/min的非晶合金高速永磁电机为例，对电机各部分的损耗的大小和分布情况进行分析计算。将电机损耗作为热源，对非晶电机的温度场进行了计算，得到了电机在额定工况运行时的温升情况。
最后，对高速永磁电机的冷却方式和冷却结构进行了对比分析，确定了周向螺旋型水冷结构。结合了冷却结构的流体场，对高速永磁电机进行了温度的计算，分析了冷却水流速及冷却水温度对电机温升的影响。
关键词：非晶电机，损耗分布，温度场，冷却结构，流体场
Abstract
High speed permanent magnet motor has the characteristics of high power, high torque, small size and poor heat dissipation conditions. Therefore, during its runtime more loss and higher temperature rise than ordinary motor leads to relative lower efficiency and even worse fault. To solve this problem, the motor should be optimized to reduce the loss in operation.At the same time, detailed analysis of the losses of each part of the motor,combined with the fluid field of the cooling structure,analysis of the temperature rise and distribution of the motor, is of great significance to the application of the motor in practical engineering.
First of all, the time stepping finite element simulation calculation is adopted to compare and analyze the four magnetization methods. Halbach magnetization has been proved having the better electromagnetic performance through the comprehensive analysis and comparison of the fundamental magnetic density amplitude and harmonic distortion rate. Based on Taguchi method and orthogonal test, parameters have been optimized by the rotor structure of Halbach combined with combined magnetic pole. Specifically, the thickness of magnetic steel, the angle of low magneto energy product material, the angle of Halbach magnetization and low magneto energy product material are the four optimized parameters.At the same time, a two pole amorphous motor and a two pole silicon steel motor are designed, both of which are magnetized in parallel.
Secondly, taking the 50KW,48000r/min amorphous alloy high-speed permanent magnet motor as an example, the loss of each part of the motor is analyzed. Taking the motor loss as the heat source,the temperature field of the amorphous motor is calculated, and the temperature rise of the motor under rated condition is obtained.
Finally, the cooling mode and cooling structure of high-speed permanent magnet motor are compared and analyzed, and the circumferential spiral water-cooling structure is determined. Combined with the fluid field of cooling structure,the temperature of high-speed permanent magnet motor is calculated, and the influence of cooling water velocity and temperature on the temperature rise of motor is analyzed.
Keywords: Amorphous motor, loss distribution,temperature field, cooling structure, fluid field
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