摘 要

对形神关系的论述一直贯穿于中国传统绘画美学的始终。在其创作过程中，能否坚持以形写神、形与神的统一，是中国画创作成功与否的关键所在。传统中国画注重抒发画家的主观情趣，而不是一昧地去描摹事物的外在特征，追求并享受那种雾蒙蒙的“似与不似之间”的感觉。而传统的西方绘画则更多以“以形写形”来表达人物的内心情感活动，一个更多的是“表现”，一个更多的是“再现”。东晋顾恺之不仅是中国绘画发展史上优秀的艺术家，更是一名杰出的绘画理论家，他提出的“传神论”对后世影响颇大。本文即以顾恺之为例简要分析“传神论”这一思想及对后世绘画影响。

关键词：顾恺之；中国画；传神；以形写神，绘画影响

The influence of Gu Kaizhi's reflections on Chinese painting

Abstract

The discussion on the relationship between form and spirit has been running through the Chinese traditional painting aesthetics. In the process of creation, it is the key to the success of Chinese painting to insist on the unity of form and god. Traditional Chinese painting pays attention to express the painter's subjective interest, instead of describing the external characteristics of things blindly, pursuing and enjoying the foggy feeling of "likeness and dislikeness". In contrast, the traditional western paintings express the inner emotional activities of the characters more in terms of "drawing shape", one is more "expression", the other is more "reproduction". Gu Kaizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty is not only an outstanding artist in the history of the development of Chinese painting, but also an outstanding painting theorist. His "theory of transmission" has a great influence on later generations. This paper takes Gu Kaizhi as an example to briefly analyze the thought of "transmission theory" and its influence on later generations of painting.

Key Words: Gu kaizhi; traditional Chinese painting; vivid; to write god in form, painting effects

目 录

摘要----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅰ

Abstract-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅱ

目录----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅲ

一：阐述中国画形神观发展史------------------------------------------1

（一）中国绘画的“形神”理论的提出----------------------------------1

（二）形与神的含义及关系------------------------------------------2

二：形神观在绘画作品中的体现----------------------------------------3

（一）写实性传神--------------------------------------------------3

（二）写意性传神--------------------------------------------------5

三：顾恺之传神论----------------------------------------------------6

（一）魏晋时期人文风气--------------------------------------------6

（二）传神论的个人因素--------------------------------------------7

（三）传神论的主要见解--------------------------------------------7

四：传神论对中国书画影响-------------------------------------------10

（一）对中国人物画理论影响---------------------------------------10

（二）对中国山水画理论影响---------------------------------------10

（三）对绘画实践的影响-------------------------------------------11

参考文献----------------------------------------------------------12