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| 小学中年级学生的家庭教养方式对师生关系的影响研究
摘 要
如今，人们越来越关注父母的教养方式，他们深深地感觉到家庭的重要性。家庭和教师是人类在儿童社会化过程中首先接触到的地方和群体。更重要的是，家庭成员对小学生的影响早于教师。同时，家庭教养模式间接影响着师生关系的开展。现代家庭教养方式随着社会的发展而多样化。我们国家最常见的育儿方式是权威、专制、放任和忽视。不同的家庭教养方式会形成不同的心理特点，从而表现出不同的师生关系。积极的家庭教育有助于学生与老师和学生建立良好的关系。父母教养形式是父母教育观点、教育行为和对子女情感体现的综合。而近年来，我国发生了多起青少年伤害教师的事故，师生关系的现状受到了舆论的推动。处于风暴前沿的师生关系是学校师生之间主要的情感、认知和行为交流心理关系的表现形式。了解家庭教养方式和师生关系，对教育者、学生和家庭都有所帮助。
关注到小学中年级是低年级向高年级的过渡时期这一特殊性，本研究选取了保定市清苑区某三所小学的100名三年级、97 名四年级的中年级小学生作为研究对象, 使用问卷法对中年级小学生的家庭教养方式、师生关系进行调查,运用的问卷包括《父母教养方式问卷》(PBI)、以及白小娟自编的师生关系量表。然后使用 SPSS25.0 对问卷数据进行处理,通过描述性统计和独立样本 T 检验,探讨了中年级小学生家庭教养方式、师生关系的基本特征以及在性别、年级、子女是否为独生上的差异; 利用相关分析和回归分析探讨了家庭教养方式、师生关系之间的关系。结果发现：
1．家庭教养方式在性别上没有明显差别，是否是独生子女在“冷漠拒绝”这类方式上有显著差异，不同年级间的小学生在四个维度上都存在着显著差异。
2．在师生关系中，不同性别的小学生在师生关系中存在显著差异。女生的师生关系比男生更为踊跃。
关键词：家庭教养方式 师生关系 问卷调查
Abstract
Nowadays, people pay more and more attention to the parenting style of their parents, they deeply feel the importance of the family. Family and teachers are the first places and groups that human beings come into contact with in the socialization process of childhood. What's more, family members influence pupils earlier than teachers.At the same time, the quality of family upbringing directly affects the development of teacher-student relationship. With the development of the society,the upbringing of the modern family has a tendency of diversification. The most common methods of education in our country are authority, tyranny, laissez-faire and neglect. Different ways of family rearing will form different psychologicalcharacteristics, thus showing different teacher-student relationship. Positive family education helps students to build good relationships with teachers and students.Parental rearing style is the comprehensive embodiment of parents' educational concept, educational behavior and emotional expression to their children. In recent years, there have been many accidents of teenagers injuring teachers in our country,which has led to the current situation of teacher-student relationship and been promoted by public opinion. The teacher-student relationship at the forefront of the storm is the expression form of the main emotional,cognitive and behavioral communication psychological relationship between teachers and students. It is helpful for educators,students and families to understand the family parenting style and the teacher-student relationship.
Political attention to elementary school is the period from junior to senior the particularity,this study selected the qing yuan district of baoding city some 100 of three elementary schoolgrade three, 97 fourth graders of elementary school students at the intermediate level as theresearch object, using the questionnaire of elementary school students at the intermediate wayof family nurture and investigate the relationship between teachers and students, using questionnaires including parents parenting questionnaire (PBI company), as well as the relationship between teachers and students scale Bai Xiaojuan wrote. Then, SPSS25.0 was used to process the questionnaire data.Through descriptive statistics and independent sample T test,the paper discussed the basic characteristics of family upbringing style, teacher-student relationship and the differences in gender, grade and whether the child is the only child. Correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between family upbringing style and teacher-student relationship.The results:
1.There was no significant difference in family rearing style between the sexes,and there was significant difference in the "indifferent rejection" style between the only child or not. There were significant differences in all dimensions among the primary school students of different grades.
2.In the teacher-student relationship,there are significant differences between pupils of different genders in the teacher-student relationship. Girls have a more positive teacher-student relationship than boys.
3.Students of different grades have significant differences in positiveemotion, learning interaction and dominant relationship with teachers.
4.Non-only-child children scored higher in positive emotions,dominant and controlling relationships and interaction with teachers in learning.
Key Words: family rearing style teacher-student relationship questionnaire survey
ing.
Key Words: family rearing style teacher-student relationship questionnaire survey
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