摘 要

随着改革开放以来，我国大力发展扶贫工作，并取得了一定的成绩。但不可否认的是中国贫困人口数量仍然很大，贫困的代际传递现象较为突出，而教育是打破贫困代际传递的重要途径，2015年12月，中共中央国务院颁布《关于打赢脱贫攻坚战的决定》明确指出：“着力加强教育脱贫，加快实施教育扶贫工程，让贫困家庭子女都能接受公平有质量的教育。阻断贫困代际传递”。教育扶贫被正式赋予了阻断贫困代际传递的重要使命。

宣威市地处云南东北部，总人口141万人，是典型的农业县级市，属于国家重点扶持开发区，宣威市委市政府始终坚持教育优先发展战略，并采取有效措施着力打造宣威教育品牌，教育事业发展迅速，被云南教育界形象地称为宣威现象，本文旨在选取宣威市为案例，分析该县教育现状并得出现阶段宣威教育发展的成绩和不足。通过分析贫困和贫困代际传递的内在含义并从导致贫困代际传递的因素入手，从多角度探索如何开展教育扶贫工作，从教育层面阻断贫困代际传递现象，力求教育在地方扶贫工作中对促进乌蒙片区人民群众脱贫致富的作用得到充分发挥。

关键词：贫困;贫困代际传递;教育；宣威市

Abstract

With the reform and opening up,China has vigorously carried out the work of poverty alleviation, and has achieved some results. However, it is undeniable that the number of poor people in China is still very large, and the intergenerational transmission of poverty is relatively prominent,and education is an important way to break the intergenerational transmission of poverty. In December 2015, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the State Council issued the Decision on Winning the Battle of Poverty Alleviation,which clearly stated: "We will focus on strengthening education to alleviate poverty. We will accelerate the implementation of poverty alleviation projects through education, so that all children from poor families can receive fair and quality education and stop the intergenerational transmission of poverty." Poverty alleviation through education has been officially endowed with the important mission of blocking intergenerational transmission.

Xuanwei City is located in the northeast of Yunnan Province, with a total population of 1.41 million.Xuanwei is a typical agricultural county-level city,which belongs to the national key support development zone. Xuanwei Municipal Committee and Municipal Government always adhere to the strategy of education priority development, and take effective measures to build Xuanwei education brand. The rapid development of education is vividly called "Xuanwei phenomenon" by the educational circles in Yunnan.

The purpose of this paper is to select Xuanwei City as a case,to analyze the status quo of education in the county,and to conclude the achievements and deficiencies of education development in Xuanwei at the present stage. By analyzing the inner meaning of poverty and intergenerational transmission and,from the perspective of the intergenerational transmission of poverty factors,explore how to carry out the education poverty alleviation work from various angles, from the education level blocking phenomenon of intergenerational transfer, strive for education in the local poverty alleviation work to promote wumeng area the people out of poverty to get rich role into full play.

Keywords: poverty; Intergenerational transmission of poverty; Education; Xuanwei

目 录

一、引言 1

（一）研究背景 1

（二）研究目的及意义 1

1.研究目的 2

2.研究意义 2

二、相关概念及理论概述 2

（一）贫困的定义 2

（二） 贫困代际传递理论 3

三、宣威市的教育发展概况 4

（一）在校师、生规模 4

(二） 各教育层次学校及学生总数 5

（三） 宣威市近三年高考成绩对比 6

（四）宣威市教育发展中存在的问题及原因分析 7

1、很大部分穷人的孩子不能够完成高等教育。7

2、教育扶贫经费不足。8

3、控辍保学抓的不到位。8

4、现有职业教育发展不足。9

四、教育在阻断贫困代际传递中的作用机制分析 9

（一）教育可以促进社会经济的发展。9

（二）教育可以培养受教育者能力，增加收入。10

（三）因教育获得的文化程度的提高可以正向作用于贫困家庭。10

1、可以增加家庭收入和保障家庭脱贫的稳定。10

2、教育投入可以多渠道带动家庭脱贫。10

五、对策建议 11

（一）加大政府投入，拓宽义务教育融资渠道。11

1、加大投入，使财政投入经费的比重接近发达地区。11

2、开辟新的筹资方式，引进市场投入。12

3、挖掘社会捐赠潜力，营造捐赠氛围。12

（二）适度发展职业教育。12

1、政策先行，精准对接贫困人口。12

2、多元协同，促成社会合作。12

3、创新方式，实现专业培训和素质教育共同发展。13

（三）加强教育宣传，改变落后的家庭教育观。13

（四）提升乡村教师福利待遇。14

(五）完善教育全过程扶贫体系。14

结语 15

参考文献 16

致 谢 17