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| 大数据时代的国家理论 摘要 政治学曾被称为“国家学”，国家以及国家理论是现代政治和现代政治分析的基石。但国家从来都不是抽象的，而是具体的、历史的。不同的历史时代赋予国家实践不同的特色，不同的实践特色赋予国家理论不同的特质。始于18世纪的第一次工业革命推动了工业社会的到来，促使现代国家的诞生，也奠定了现代国家理论的社会基础。21世纪以来，以人工智能与大数据为代表的新技术革命正迅猛发展，可以说，人类社会面临“百年未有之大变局”，国家的实践形态呈现出前所未有的特征，现代国家理论也面临着挑战。对此，在马克思主义与韦伯主义这两种主要的现代国家理论传统基础上，文章提出了国家理论的核心要素，即疆域、暴力、制度和国家自主性。以此为分析基础，文章探析了新技术革命冲击下现代国家理论的困境，进而在概念化新技术革命背景下国家实践新形态、新现象基础上，赋予现代国家理论核心概念新的内涵：疆域概念应吸收数字疆域和数据主权、权力及其暴力概念应吸收数字权力与数字暴力、制度概念应吸收韧性制度和数字政府、国家自主性概念应吸收社会与技术自主性等内涵。以此建构了大数据时代的国家理论。 关键词：大数据时代；新技术革命；国家理论；困境；重构 State theory in the era of big data Abstract Politics was once called "national science",and the state and state theory are the cornerstones of modern politics and modern political analysis. The country is never abstract, but concrete and historical.Different historical eras endow different characteristics of national practice,and different practical characteristics endow different characteristics of national theory. The first industrial revolution that began in the 18th century promoted the arrival of an industrial society,prompted the birth of the modern state, and laid the social foundation for the modern state theory. Since the 21st century,the new technological revolution represented by artificial intelligence and big data has been developing rapidly. It can be said that human society is facing "great changes unseen ina century", and the practice of the country has shown unprecedentedcharacteristics, and modern national theory is also facing Challenge. In this regard, on the basis of the two main modern state theory traditions of Marxism and Weberism,the article puts forward the core elements of state theory, namely, territory, violence, regime and national autonomy. Using them as an analytical framework,the article analyzes the dilemma of modern state theory under the impact of the new technological revolution,and on the basis of conceptualizing new forms and phenomena of state practice under the background of the new technological revolution, it gives new connotations to the core concepts of modern state theory:Firstly,the concept of territory should absorb the meaning of digital territory and data sovereignty.Secondly,The concept of power and its violence should include the meaning of digital power and digital violence.Nextly,regimel concepts should absorb the meaning of resilient institutions and digital government.Finally,the concept of national autonomy should absorb social and technological autonomy and other connotations.In this way, the state theory of the new technological revolution era was constructed. Keywords: Big Data era; New Technological Revolution; State Theory; Dilemma; Reconstruction |
