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| 小学民歌教学方法的优化研究
中 文 摘 要
小学是学生成长的重要阶段，在小学音乐教学中涉及到了中国及世界上不同国家、不同民族的各种音乐形式，这些教学内容将会拓宽学生的音乐视野，提高学生对于音乐的鉴赏力。其中，中国各个民族的民歌教学是目前最为重要的。民歌教学作为小学音乐教学内容的一部分，它还承载了传承优秀传统文化的职责。新课程标准中明确表示音乐是人类文化传承的重要载体，是人类宝贵的文化遗产和智慧结晶。学生通过学习中国民族音乐，将会了解和热爱祖国的音乐文化而华夏民族音乐传播所产生的强大凝聚力，有助于培养学生的爱国主义情怀。但目前小学音乐课堂中教师对于民歌教学没有明确有效的教学方法，存在教学方法单一，教学内容枯燥，课堂缺乏趣味性等问题。有很多教师在教学中过于重视民歌演唱的技巧性教学导致学生对于民歌的学习热情降低，没有深刻领会到民歌的内涵，对于民族优秀文化没有清晰的认知。
针对目前学生对于民歌的认识度不够，教师教学方法单一，无法调动学生积极性等问题，本文运用问卷调查，人物访谈，课堂观察等方法进行分析和探究，力求找到能够解决民歌教学方法单一这一问题的办法。寻找更适合民歌教学的方法。本文着眼于小学中段民歌教学，从教师、学生、学校、家庭等诸多影响因素着手进行调查和研究，分析和探索适用于小学中段民歌教学的有效方法，结合实际教学案例探索教学方法的有效性和普遍适用性。
本文分为五章进行阐述：第一章为绪论部分，详细的阐述了选题的背景和意义，通过文献综述的方式将国内外的民歌研究现状做了一定的介绍并提出了具体的研究方法。第二章为相关概念的界定，对于本文中出现的相关研究方法进行了具体的阐释；第三章是以S市J小学为例，对小学中段的民歌教学方法进行了现状调查，并对问卷结果和访谈记录进行了具体的分析和研究,对影响小学民歌教学方法选取的因素进行了分析，发现造成民歌教学方法单一的原因是多层因素造成的。第四章是本文的核心部分，力求通过笔者自身的教学经历，结合具体的教学案例，针对课上出现的教学方法选取问题提供一定的对策，为小学中段民歌教学提供一定的理论基础和实践依据。第五章为结论部分，针对教学方法单一这一问题，给出了几点可实施的建议。要想解决这一问题要依靠学校、家庭、社会、教师、学生等多方配合。
关键词：小学中段；民歌教学；教学方法单一
Abstract
Folk songs are written by the working people in the process of life and labor,and the songs they sing are part of the traditional music in Chinese folk music. The lyrics are easy to understand, the tunes are short and easy to read and remember.Divided into labor number, folk songs, minor, and so on.As a part of primary school music teaching,folk songs also carry the responsibility of inheriting excellent folk music. The 2011 new curriculum standard clearly states that music is an important carrier of human cultural heritage and the crystallization of human precious cultural heritage and wisdom. By studying Chinese national music,students will understand and love the music culture of the motherland and the Chinese National Music Communication Institute The strong cohesion produced will help to cultivate students' patriotic feelings. By studying the music culture of other countries and nationalities in the world,students will broaden their aesthetic horizons,understand the richness and diversity of the music culture of all nationalities in the world, and enhance their understanding, respect and love of different cultures. However, at present, teachers in primary school music classroom have no clear and effective teaching methods for folk song teaching,students have low enthusiasm for learning folk songs,do not deeply understand the connotation of folk songs, and have no clear understanding of national excellent culture. At present, the students' understanding of folk songs is not enough,and the teacher's teaching method is single,which can not arouse the students This paper uses questionnaire survey, character interview, classroom observation and other methods to analyze and explore, to find a better explanation of folk songs teaching methods. This paper focuses on the teaching of folk songs in the middle of primary school,investigates and studies from two aspects: teachers and students,analyzes and explores the effective methods suitable for the teaching of folk songs in the middle of primary school, and explores the effectiveness and universal applicability of teaching methods combined with practical teaching cases.
This paper is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is the introduction part, elaborated the background and the significance of the topic in detail,through the literature review way has made the certain introduction to the domestic and foreign folk song research present situation and proposed the concrete research method.The second chapter is the definition of related concepts,the relevant research methods appear in this paper are explained in detail; the third chapter is to take S city Jprimary school as an example,the present situation of folk song teaching methods in the middle of primary school is investigated, and the questionnaire results and interview records are analyzed and studied;The fourth chapter is the core part of this paper, through the author's own teaching experience, combined with specific teaching cases, to provide some countermeasures for the selection of teaching methods in class. To provide a certain theoretical and practical basis forthe teaching of folk songs in the middle of primary school.The fifth chapter is the conclusion part,aiming at the problem of single teaching method, some feasible suggestions are given. To solve this problem,we must rely on the cooperation of school, family, society, teachers and students.
Key words: Primary school music; Folk songs; Single teaching method
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