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| 工伤保险与商业保险
摘要
随着互联网技术在经济领域不断应用，各种新型经济业态岗位不断涌现，对服务的要求也逐渐提高。由于法律存在缺失，目前的劳工关系并不明确，目前实践中存在劳动关系和雇佣关系两种用工关系，认定为劳动关系的才有工伤保险，认定为雇佣关系的只有商业保险，如人身意外险或者雇主责任险。再加上用工平台对时效的要求，外卖从业人员实际上处于高风险的工作环境当中。外卖人员的保险保障事实上并未完全发挥作用。对于职工来说，尤其是外卖骑手这样的高风险职工，工伤保险具有保障范围广、门槛低的特性，这是优于商业保险的方面。但是，现实中工伤保险在落实对外卖送餐人员的保障过程中存在很多问题，例如很多单位或者企业没有开户、对企业压力大、工伤认定程序复杂等等，使很大一部分外卖送餐人员在实际需要保障时得不到相应的理赔。而对于商业保险来说，主要由保险保障额度不足、免赔责任与免赔率高以及保费难以负担等问题，导致需求不高。本文将从对我国目前的外卖行业发展背景开始，结合我国目前工伤保险的应用现状以及商业骑手保险的现实状况进行分析，认为可以从以下几个方面为如何使外卖行业人员得到合理保障提出适当的措施建议：一是加强对平台的监管，敦促平台方对外卖时效进行合理估计，以此减轻从业人员的派送压力，从源头上解决和降低其从业风险，提高安全意识。二是运用分层保费机制，将保费的厘定与从业者行为挂钩，倒逼从业人员注意安全防范与道路交通安全。
关键词：外卖行业、工伤保险、经济新业态、保险额度
Abstract
With the continuous application of Internet technology in the economic field,a variety of new types of economic jobs are emerging, and the requirements for services are also gradually improving. Due to the lack of law, the current labor relations are not clear.In practice, there are two kinds of Employment Relations: labor relations and employment relations. Only industrial injury insurance can be recognized as labor relations,and only commercial insurance can be recognized as employment relations, such as personal accident insurance or employer liability insurance. In addition to the timeliness requirements of the employment platform, takeout employees are actually in a high-risk working environment. In fact, the insurance protection of takeout personnel has not fully played its role.For employees, this insurance has the characteristics of wide coverage of work-related injury insurance and high risk. However, in reality, there are many problems in the implementation of work-related injury insurance for takeout personnel, such as many units or enterprises do not open accounts,great pressure on enterprises,complex work-related injury identification procedures and so on, so that a large part of takeout personnel can not get the corresponding claims when they need to be protected. For commercial insurance, the demand is not high because of the insufficient insurance coverage, high deductible liability and deductible ratio, and the difficulty of premium payment. This paper will start from the development background of the takeaway industry in China,combined with the application status of industrial injury insurance and the reality of commercial rider insurance, and put forward appropriate measures and suggestions from thefollowing aspects: first, strengthen the supervision of the platform,and urge the platform side to reasonably guarantee the takeaway time In order to reduce the distribution pressure of employees, solve and reduce the risks from the source, and improve the safety awareness. The second is to use the layered premium mechanism to link the premium determination with the practitioners' behavior,and force the practitioners to pay attention to safety precautions and road traffic safety.
Key words: takeout industry；new economic format；insurance amount
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